摘要
同情的利己主义解释的支持者认为,我们在面对他人的痛苦时被同情心唤起了自身的负面情绪,同情激发的助人行为是为了减少负面情绪的利己行为.同情的利他主义解释也预设同情会带来某种负面情绪的事实,但认为同情即使伴随痛苦仍可以产生利他动机.休谟的"同情—怜悯模型"区分了狭隘同情和广泛同情,并且认为广泛同情产生了包含关切他人的怜悯情感;巴特森的"移情—利他假说"则区分了自我利他行为和纯利他行为,并且认为后者对应一种以他人为主导的移情关切.休谟的道德哲学阐明了同情的利他性的产生机制,而巴特森用心理实验的方式为休谟的哲学观点提供了实证辩护.
Abstract
Similar to its egoist interpretation,the altruistic interpretation of sympathy presupposes that sympathy brings some negative emotion,but the difference is that the altruistic interpretation argues that sympathy can generate altruistic motives even with pain.Hume's sympathy-altruism model distinguishes between limited and extensive sympathies,believing extensive sympathy produces pity that includes concern for others.In con-trast,Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis distinguishes between ego-altruism and pure altruism and consid-ers the latter to correspond to other-oriented empathic concerns.Hume's moral philosophy clarifies the gener-ation mechanism of the selflessness of sympathy,of which Batson provides an empirical defense by means of psychological experiments.
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