From Master Morality to Open Morality——Compare Nietzsche's and Bergson's Moral Values
From Plato to Hegel,Western traditional philosophy mainly has primarily been a rationalist philosophy.In this atmosphere,personal moral behavior is often constrained by rationality.However,with the ontological shift towards epistemology in philosophy,irrational thought began to emerge..Nietzsche and Bergson,as the representatives of the broad philosophy of life,both emphasized the irrational factors in moral behavior in the moral field,and tried to connect moral behavior with personal happiness.Nietzsche distinguished between slave morality and master morality based on will to power,while Bergson divided morality into closed morality and open morality based on life impulse.Both Nietzsche and Bergson emphasize the emotional role in moral behavior,but Nietzsche admires Superman's master morality,which bases personal happiness on the exploitation of the ordinary people,so it finally moves towards extreme individualism.What Bergson advocates is heroic open morality,which is based on heroes leading the general public to create together,and finally moves towards heroic virtue.Therefore,from the perspective of comparison,exploring the similarities and differences between Bergson's and Nietzsche's moral values can offer some enlightenment to the development of contemporary social morality.
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