Using county level panel data of GDP per capita of 1997-2010,this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal inequality across counties in the process of economic transitional reforms and regional development policy evolution,by methods of Theil index decomposition and ESDA.The patterns of inequality can be viewed in two different stages,with 2003 a shifting year.After 2003,the inequality pattern began to change obviously,with Theil index growing dramatically,while Global Moran' s I declined year by year,By 2010,both the rich and poor counties cluster in much smaller regions.The hot spots move to the Middle Stream of Yellow River,particularly the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,while cold spots of poor counties agglomeration step toward the Southern coastal provinces.As China economy enters the 'New Normal',balance of efficiency and equality should be taken though a series of supporting reforms to achieve the coordinated development across regions.