Open Public Data and Enterprise Innovation from the Perspective of Data Production Factors:A Quasi-Natural Experiment of Establishing an Open Platform for Public Data
As a strategic factor of production in the era of digital economy,data is leading the innovation revolution and technological change.Public data refers to the data resources generated,collected,recorded and saved by public departments such as state organs,institutions and scientific research institutions in the process of performing public functions.In 2016,China's National Reform teleconference proposed that"In the era of big data,essential information for people's daily needs such as navigation,weather,housing,medical care,employment frequently originates from the open data made available by government sources;The strategic thinking,layout planning,and implementation plans required for industrial development often rely on the mining,restructuring,and mixing of government information and data..."Although the innovative value of public data as an emerging factor of production has been widely recognized,its monopolistic nature in terms of sources and the obstacle of factor circulation influenced by the characteristics of high collection cost,centralized subject and strong administrative attribute,may lead to an overall decline in the efficiency of resource allocation.It is crucial to break through the barriers to the circulation of public data,promote the flow of public data as an innovation resource to firms,and encourage and guide firms to utilize public data for innovation decisions and outcome transformation.This paper employs a staggered difference-in-difference model based on the quasi-natural experiment of the public data open platform successively opened and operated by various provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the Central Government)in China,which confirms that the open access to public data can promote firm innovation.The above relationship is based on the resource supply mechanism of data production factors and the dynamic stimulation mechanism of innovation willingness as a two-way path.Based on the segmentation examination of the industry characteristics,it is found that the current release of data production factors has an obvious effect on the realization of digital industrialization,but the effect of relying on industrial digitalization to help the real economy is limited.Further,this paper finds that data transmission efficiency is the key factor affecting the above relationship,and the open cultural education and public service data production factors are more effective at this stage.At the same time,based on the heterogeneity analysis of existing factor levels,it is found that the relationship is more significant for firms with stronger presence accumulation of production factors such as technology and capital.The innovation of this paper includes the following aspects:First,it adds the theoretical analysis and empirical evidence about the economic value of data production factors.This paper constructs the theoretical analysis framework of the relationship between open public data and firm innovation for the first time,and analyzes the influencing factors,mechanism and heterogeneity of the relationship based on the industry classification,data quality,data nature and other dimensions of the digital economy,providing a theoretical reference for confirming the actual economic value of data production factors.Second,it enriches the research perspective and conclusions of the factors affecting firm innovation.As for the research in the same field,there is still a lack of literature that systematically discusses the relationship between open public data and firm innovation by including open public data into the category of influencing factors of firm innovation.Data production factors and data innovation are significantly different from other production factors and traditional innovation forms.The analytical framework of traditional firm innovation needs to be improved in combination with the background of the digital economy era to meet the changing requirements of economic growth characteristics in the digital era.To some extent,this paper has made incremental contributions in this regard.The research conclusions are not only conducive to boosting the government's confidence in the implementation of public data opening,providing policy references for promoting the establishment of data production factor market trading system and continuously improving the construction of public data open platform,but also provide a feasible path for implementing innovation-driven strategy and stimulating the innovation vitality of firms in the era of digital economy.
data production factorpublic dataenterprise innovationopen public data
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