The Influence Effect of Data Specificity on Platform Envelopment
In the era of digital economy,with the increasingly blurred industrial boundaries and fierce competition among platform enterprises,a large number of platform enterprises have implemented platform envelopment under the background of industrial convergence,entered seemingly unrelated target markets and achieved cross-border development by utilizing basic user data resources and similar technical components.With data elements and digital technologies as the core,platform enterprises achieve cross-border development by constructing fundamental constructive blocks of technology,product,or trading system.In this process,the user data resources accumulated by platform enterprises and the development and service capabilities based on user data resources are the exclusive value sources of enterprises,which can help them enhance market power and uniqueness,and gain competitive advantages.However,as a virtual element,data cannot exist alone and play a role,but rather acts as a"bridge-type production factor".Only when it dynamically combines with relevant elements and forms specialized value and capabilities based on the business characteristics and practical needs of enterprises,can it help platform enterprises conduct envelopment behaviors.Taking A-share listed platform enterprises from 2012 to 2020 as samples,this paper constructs a data specificity index based on the textual information in the annual reports of enterprises,utilizes the DEA method to measure the performance of platform envelopment,and further examines the impact of data specificity level on platform envelopment.The research findings are as follows:Data specificity has an inverted U-shaped impact on platform envelopment.After a series of robustness tests,including changing the measurement method of data specificity,replacing research samples,adding other control variables,and conducting instrumental variable regression,this conclusion remains valid.Further research reveals that the technological level of platform enterprises moderates the inverted U-shaped relationship between the two,causing the inflection point of the inverted U-curve to shift to the left,indicating that technological progress can mitigate the threshold effect of data specificity on the inverted U-shaped impact of platform envelopment.Heterogeneity analysis finds that among platform enterprises located in regions with established big data exchanges,derivative platform enterprises,and small-scale platform enterprises,the inverted U-shaped impact of data specificity on platform envelopment performance is more pronounced,with the inverted U-curve becoming steeper and the inflection point shifting to the left.The possible marginal contribution of this paper is as follows:First,It enriches the relevant research of platform envelopment antecedents.This paper is based on previous studies that took basic user data resources as the key factor of platform envelopment,clarified that data specificity is the actual carrier of the value of data elements,further revealed the connotation and dimension of data specificity,and designed text indicators and quantified measures of data specificity from two aspects of formation mechanism and application characteristics.The influence of data elements on the platform envelopment is more specific,clear and measurable.Second,Data specificity and platform envelopment performance are incorporated into a unified logical analysis system,which enriches the quantitative research on the economic after-effects of platform envelopment behavior.Based on previous studies,this paper quantified the subsequent implementation effect of platform envelopment according to the performance of platform envelopment,and discussed the impact of data specificity on platform envelopment.Third,Theoretically explained the connotations of the multiplier effect and lock-in effect of data elements,and through empirical analysis,it confirmed the superimposed effect of the two effects,thus enriching the theoretical research on data elements.Fourth,The moderating effect of technology level and the existence of various heterogeneous effects are verified,and the effect of data specificity is further refined,making the internal mechanism of the effect of data specificity on the platform envelopment more clear.
data specificityplatform envelopmentinfluence effectmultiplier effectlock-in effect
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