Changes in major nutrients during oil accumulation in early fruiting walnut seed kernels
[Objective]Provide reference for efficient cultivation and management of early fruiting walnut.[Method]Taking'Zhonghe Duanzhi'and'Xinxin 2'as the research objects,the seed kernels were sampled every 10 days from the oil transformation period to the maturity period to determine the content of crude fat,crude protein,tannin,total phenol,total sugar and fatty acid components,and to analyze the content of basic nutrients and oil content,and the relationship between them.The basic nutrients contents,the oil dynamics of changes and the correlation between them were analyzed.[Result]The critical period for oil accumulation in the seed kernels of the two early fruiting walnut varieties was from late July to mid-late September,and the fat content of the seed kernels at maturity was 67%in the'Zhonghe Duanzhi'and 65%in the'Xinxin 2'.A total of five major fatty acid components were detected in the kernels of the two early fruiting walnut varieties,which were palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and α-linolenic acid.The unsaturated fatty acid content in the kernels of'Zhonghe Duanzhi'and'Xinxin 2'accounted for 89.60%and 88.97%of the total fatty acid content,respectively.The main components of unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid and linoleic acid,and the percentages of oleic acid in the seed kernels of'Zhonghe Duanzhi'and'Xinxin 2'were 21.36%and 14.09%,and the percentages of linoleic acid were 58.38%and 61.80%.In the process of oil accumulation in seed kernels,basic nutrients also played an important role in fat accumulation.Protein content was highly significantly negatively correlated with fat content,and protein and total sugars were consumed more during the oil conversion period,while total phenols and tannins were closely related to the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.[Conclusion]The trends of oil accumulation and fatty acid fraction content in the seed kernels of two early fruiting walnuts,'Zhonghe Duanzhi'and'Xinxin 2',were basically the same,with a rapid increase from late July to mid-late September.The unsaturated fatty acid content in the seed kernels of the two early fruiting walnut varieties was high,with oleic and linoleic acids as the main components.The high fat content and low tannin content and total phenol content in the mature seed kernels of'Zhonghe Duanzhi'can be cultivated and utilized as a high-quality walnut variety.
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