Growth regularity and the effects of fruit thinning,fertilization on nuts quality of 'Longhe No.5' walnut
[Objective]In order to clarify the growth regularity of walnut fruit and the factors affecting the quality of nuts,so as to provide reference for the production and management of walnut orchard.[Method]The'Longhe No.5'was used as experimental material,the morphological changes of fruit development were photographed and recorded,and the growth parameters of fruit were measured regularly including the three diameter,fruit mass,peel thickness,nut three diameter,nut mass,kernel mass,kernel rate,shell thickness and other indicators.The growth dynamic measurements were fitted by Logistic model,quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial.The effects of different treatments on the economic traits of walnut nuts were analyzed by thinning fruit and spraying foliar fertilizer at different periods.[Result]In development process,the size and mass of the fruit(nut)showed a trend of slow growth,rapid growth and slow growth.The fruit mass growth peak was at 50 d and 100 d after flowering,respectively,and the nut mass growth peak was at 110 days after flowering.The fruit grew slowly at 30-40 days after anthesis,then expanded rapidly,and the fruit mass increased rapidly.Watery nucleolus began to appear at 50 days after flowering,and became hard at 70 days after flowering.After 70 days of flowering,the growth of fruit size and mass slowed down,and the fruit shell began to form and gradually hardened and thickened.At 90-120 days after flowering,the nut mass,shell thickness,nucleolus mass and kernel rate increased rapidly.At 120-140 days after flowering,the growth rate of nut size slowed down,and the mass of nuts began to decline.The results of variance analysis showed that except for the three diameters of nuts,other indexes were significantly different among different treatments(P＜0.05).Among them,the economic index value of walnut nuts sprayed with foliar fertilizer from early July to early August was the highest and significantly different from that of the control(P＜0.01).The spraying foliar fertilizer from the end of May to the end of June was the second,which was significantly different from the control(P＜0.05).The economic index of walnut nuts under fruit thinning treatment was not different from that of the control(P＞0.05).[Conclusion]The fruit growth and development curve of'Longhe No.5'showed a slow,fast and slow trend,showing a single'S'curve.In addition,fruit thinning and fertilization can improve the economic traits of walnut nuts.
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