Difference analysis of floral organ phenotype and anther endogenous substances of some local pear cultivars in Xinjiang
[Objective]In order to grasp the characteristics of pear flowers among different cultivars and explore the differences in the content of endogenous substances in anthers,so as to provide a reference for the rational allocation of pollinated trees and the application of exogenous hormones during flowering,and further improve the quality of pears.[Method]The morphological diversity of floral organs of 24 local pear cultivars in Xinjiang was observed and analyzed.The contents of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA),cytokinin(CTK),abscisic acid(ABA),soluble sugar and soluble starch in anthers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the differences were analyzed.[Result]The 24 Xinjiang local pear cultivars tested were mostly light pink buds,lavender anthers,stigma higher than anthers,disordered relative position of petals,round petals,and hairy types at the base of style.The Shannon-Weaver index of 6 traits ranged from 0.529 to 2.476.The diversity index of anther color was high and rich in diversity.The diversity indexes of flower number per inflorescence,stamen number,corolla diameter and pollen number per anther ranged from 2.497 to 2.993,and the coefficients of variation were 26.65%,9.40%,17.10%and 56.54%,respectively.The stability of stamen number was higher than that of other traits.There were significant differences in the content of endogenous substances in mature anthers,with the lowest GA3 content and the highest soluble sugar content.[Conclusion]Among the descriptive traits,anther color diversity was the most abundant.Among the quantitative traits,the variation degree of pollen quantity per anther was the highest.There were significant differences in IAA content in mature anthers,and extremely significant differences in GA3,ABA,CTK,soluble sugar and soluble starch.The soluble sugar content was the highest in the endogenous substances of mature anthers,followed by soluble starch.The content of endogenous hormone IAA was the highest,and the content of GA3 was the least.The rich diversity of pear floral organs was preliminarily mastered,and the differences of endogenous substances in mature anthers of different cultivars were understood.
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