Phenotypic diversity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit introduced from different provenances
[Objective]Study of its fruit phenotypic diversity can provide reference for the germplasm screening and variety breeding.[Method]The fruit phenotypic traits of R.tomentosa introduced from 24 different provenances in China were measured under homogeneous orchard cultivation conditions.Coefficient of variation,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis were used to study the diversity of fruit phenotypic traits.[Result]The fruit phenotypes from different provenances varied greatly,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 2.54% to 18.12%,The coefficient of variation of single fruit fresh mass was the highest at 18.12%,while the coefficient of variation of fruit shape index was the lowest at 2.54% .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the fruit vertical diameter was positively correlated with fruit horizontal diameter,fruit side diameter,fruit dry mass and fruit moisture content.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 90.94% .The contribution rate of the first principal component and the tribute of the second principal component were 51.07% and 16.50%,which mainly reflected the fruit size and characteristics of R.tomentosa.The contribution rate of the third and fourth principal components were 14.23% and 9.14%,respectively,which mainly reflected the fruit mass and seed characteristics.The cluster analysis result showed that at Euclidean distance of 10,24 test provenances were divided into group A,B and C.Group A and C were further divided into 3 subgroups at Euclidean distance of 5.Group A contained 12 provenances with long carpopodium length and large fruits,group B contained 3 provenances with small fruits and low fruit moisture content,and group C contained 9 provenances with large fruits and high water content,making them suitable for breeding large fruits.[Conclusion]The phenotypic variation of R.tomentosa fruit has rich variation types and breeding potential is great.Mass traits and morphological traits of fruit can be used as important indexes for selecting good provenance of R.tomentosa.Among which Boluo in Guangdong,Guiping and Du'an in Guangxi are the best provenance with large fruits,heavy mass and high water content.These provenances are the best large fruit provenances of the tested R.tomentosa.
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