Comprehensive evaluation and analysis on fruit economic characteristics and nutrient composition of Hovenia varieties
[Objective]In order to deeply excavate the Hovenia germplasm resources,the comprehensive evaluation and analysis on economic characteristics and nutrient composition among the main three varieties were determined.Our results could provide the basis for selection,introduction,and processing and utilization of Hovenia.[Method]Three main varieties including Lyu guaizao,Pang wawa guaizao,and Hong guaizao,were taken as the research objects,which were cultivated in Xunyang county,Shaanxi province,the primary cultivation region of Hovenia in China.Six main economic characteristics,nine kinds of nutrient composition,ten mineral elements and multi-amino acids of their fruits were detected.The fruit quality was evaluated comprehensively using the methods including single-factor variance analysis,coefficient of variation analysis,membership function value method,correlation analysis,and principal component analysis.[Result]The economic characteristics showed significant differences among varieties except for longitudinal diameter of fruits and hundred-fruit mass.The yield per plant was 110.67-169.33 kg,fruit mass was 26.77-34.77 g,transverse diameter was 8.81-10.39 cm,longitudinal diameter was 13.66-15.04 cm,and infructescence axis thickness was 4.97-5.51 cm.For the main nutrient composition,there were significant variations observed among different varieties excluding crude fat.The soluble solids content was 33.58%-37.68%,soluble sugars content was 25.04%-28.59%,soluble proteins content was 1.54%-1.96%,vitamin C content was 340.93-488.37 mg/kg,total flavonoids content was 0.55%-1.45%,and total polyphenols content was 0.43%-0.96% .Furthermore,the fruit contained 10 kinds of mineral elements and 17 kinds of amino acids.The results of the correlation analysis revealed an extremely significant negative correlation between the fruit mass and soluble sugar content,as well as thickness of the infructescence axis and soluble protein content.Additionally,a significant negative correlation was observed between titratable acid content and the thickness of the infructescence axis,while a significant positive correlation was found between soluble protein content.Furthermore,there existed significant positive correlation between water content and crude fat content,as well as total flavonoids content and total polyphenols content.The principal component analysis showed that the main characteristics affecting the fruit quality were fruit mass,fruit longitudinal diameter,infructescence axis thickness,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,titratable acid content,yield per plant,water content,and crude fat content.[Conclusion]The fruit characteristics of Lyu guaizao exhibits the highest score and superior nutritional quality,while the Pang wawa guaizao performs well in economic characteristics.In addition,Hong guaizao shows the highest content of total flavonoids,total polyphenols,and sweet amino acids.Therefore,different varieties could be selected and promoted in the field of production and processing according to their distinct fruit characteristics.
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