Evaluation of resistance identification of Malus sieversii germplasm resources to Erwinia amylovora
[Objective]Malus sieversii also known as Seweid apple,is an important tertiary relict species and a national secondary protected wild plant.It is also the direct ancestor of cultivated apples.Pear fire blight is an alien invasive quarantine pest that first occurred in apple orchards and apple trees in Huocheng county,Yili,Xinjiang in June 2015.In the past 8 years,it has caused losses to the pear and apple industries in Xinjiang,and has posed a huge threat to the forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang and even the whole country.Studies have reported that the use of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method.We identified and evaluated the germplasm resources of Xinjiang wild apple resistant to E.amylovora,and provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant apple germplasm resources.[Method]From April to June 2023,80 different types of M.sieversii from two natural populations of Emin and Tuoli in Tacheng wild fruit forest in the National Germplasm Resources Nursery of M.sieversii were used as test materials.The resistance of 80 different types of M.sieversii to E.amylovora was identified and evaluated by in detached leaf and in detached branch inoculation method.[Result]the pathogen was pathogenic to 80 different types of branches and leaves of M.sieversii.There were some differences in the inoculation results of detached leaves and detached branches.The resistant resources inoculated with detached leaves were more than those inoculated with detached branches.The disease-resistant wild apple germplasm resources in Xinjiang come from more natural populations in Emin and less natural populations in Toli.The resistance level of 80 different types of M.sieversii to E.amylovora was significantly different.There were more high resistance and disease resistance germplasm resources in 80 different types of M.sieversii in Tacheng wild fruit forest,accounting for 56.25% .The high susceptible and susceptible germplasm resources were less,accounting for 43.75% .[Conclusion]1 highly resistant germplasm resources,8 resistant germplasm resources,6 susceptible germplasm resources and 1 highly susceptible germplasm resources were screened out.The 9 M.sieversii germplasm resources can be used as the basic materials for the breeding of fresh or disease-resistant rootstocks.
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