Effects of wide-row and dense-planting pattern on root architecture of Huangguan pear in arid region
[Objective]The selection of suitable planting densities for the wide-row and dense-planting pattern provided a reference for the rational and efficient utilization of soil resources and precise management of water and fertilizer.[Method]The Huangguan pear under different cultivation densities in wide-row and dense-planting pattern(row spacing 1.0 m×4.0 m,1.5 m×4.0 m,2.0 m×4.0 m)in the arid area of Gansu province was taken as the research materials.Using the Win RHIZO root analysis system,the configuration parameters of the root system were measured,and the distribution and absorption range of roots with different diameter grades(φ＞2 mm and φ≤2 mm)were compared and analyzed.[Result]The difference in population size per unit area under different cultivation modes led to significant changes in root function and structure.The 0-20 cm soil layer was the concentrated distribution area of roots with a row spacing of 1.0m×4.0m,and the specific root length(SRL)and specific root area(SRA)and root volume(VA)were significantly higher than those in the treatment with a row spacing 2.0 m×4.0 m.In the 20-40 cm soil layer,the SRL of row spacing 1.5 m×4.0 m treatment increased by 3.7%-26.8% compared with other treatments.In the second year,the SRA increased by 82.1% compared to the treatment with row spacing 1.0 m×4.0 m.The root volume and root tip number of the treatment with row spacing of 2.0 m×4.0 m increased by 62.3% and 34.2%,respectively,compared to the treatment with a row spacing of 1.0 m×4.0 m.In the soil layer of 40-60 cm,the SRL,SRA and RLD of 2.0 m×4.0 m treatment increased by 38.5%,95.5% and 175.0% respectively compared to the treatment with a row spacing of 1.0 m×4.0 m.The centralized distribution of roots(φ＞2 mm)gradually decreased,and the horizontal distribution and expansion distance gradually reduced from near to far,Additionally,the difference between vertical and horizontal distribution of roots decreased as the plant density changed from large to small.[Conclusion]Under row spacing 1.0 m×4.0 m treatment,the distribution of fine roots(φ≤2 mm)had a high degree of dispersion and prominent biased distribution characteristics.At the meantime,the vertical distribution was concentrated in the surface soil,with root length,root surface area and root tip number accounting for 50% of the total,and the root system configuration was significantly"superficialized".Moreover,the horizontal and vertical distribution of fine roots was balanced,but the SRL,SRA and absorption capacity of fine roots were significantly decreased under row spacing 1.5 m×4.0 m treatment with leading to reduce the root absorption capacity.Furthermore,the distribution of fine roots in row spacing 2.0 m×4.0 m treatment obviously expanded to the deeper and farther regions from the trunk,and the absorption capacity of roots was significantly enhanced.Therefore,the root architecture was suitable under row spacing 2.0 m×4.0 m treatment.
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