Effects of seed size on the germination and seedling growth of Camellia oleifera
[Objective]In order to provide insights for optimizing seedling breeding practices.[Method]The study focused on large,medium,and small seeds of C.oleifera varieties XL1,XL27,and XL210.Conduct germination test in a constant temperature and humidity incubator,the characteristics,germination rate,seedling growth,biomass accumulation,and distribution of seeds of different sizes were studied.[Result]The single seed mass of the three C.oleifera varieties was highest in large seeds,with masses of 4.05,3.39,3.43 g,respectively.There were significant differences in the single seed mass among large,medium,and small seeds(P＜0.05).The large seeds had higher germination rates,germination index,and vigor index,and shorter initial and average germination times compared to medium and small seeds,but the differences in germination rates were not significant(P＞0.05),there was a positive correlation between single seed mass and germination rate(P＞0.05).Seedlings from large seeds showed greater height,ground diameter,number of blades,leaf area,and secondary root number compared to those from medium and small seeds.The size of the seeds significantly impacted seedling growth(P＜0.05),the single seed mass was significantly positively correlated with seedling height,ground diameter,and leaf area(P＜0.05),with correlation coefficients of 0.931,0.845,0.878,respectively.Seedlings from large seeds had higher stem dry mass,leaf dry mass,root dry mass,and total seedling dry mass compared to those from medium and small seeds.Seed size significantly affected the biomass distribution of seedlings(P＜0.05),the single seed mass was significantly positively correlated with stem dry mass,leaf dry mass,root dry mass,and total seedling dry mass(P＜0.05),with correlation coefficients of 0.789,0.895,0.744 and 0.857,respectively.[Conclusion]Seed size has a clear impact on the germination,seedling growth,and biomass distribution of C.oleifera seeds.It is recommended to select large seeds for seedling breeding or direct seeding of rootstocks for C.oleifera.
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