Effects of intercropping modes of olive on soil nutrients and soil microorganisms
[Objective]To provide a reference for the development of efficient new cultivation modes for olive oil and the improvement of soil ecological environments in olive orchards.[Method]Olive monoculture was used as the control(CK),and three intercropping modes were studied:olive×polygonatum kingianum(FD),olive×alfalfa(FZ),and olive×alfalfa×ryegrass×coreopsis(F3).The study aimed to explore the changes in soil nutrient content and the differences in soil microbial diversity and community structure under different intercropping modes,and analyze their correlations.[Result]Compared to the monoculture CK,the FD intercropping mode significantly reduced the contents of available potassium(AK),available phosphorus(AP),and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)content by 55.45%,45.55%,and 33.46%,respectively(P＜0.05).In the FZ mode,the content of organic carbon(OC),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),and available potassium(AK)decreased significantly by 60.73%,77.48%,and 56.01%,respectively,while the content of total potassium(TK)and available phosphorus(AP)increased significantly by 29.40%and 49.87%,respectively.In the F3 mode,except for a decrease in alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),the contents of other soil nutrients increased,with total potassium(TK)increasing significantly by 24.59%.A total of 38,652 bacterial OTUs and 3,059 fungal OTUs were identified across all four modes.According to the number of bacterial unique OTUs from high to low,the intercropping modes was F3,CK,FD,FZ;According to the number of fungal-specific OTUs ranked from high to low,the intercropping modes was successively F3,FD,CK,and FZ.Alpha diversity analysis showed no significant differences in bacterial and fungal diversity indices among the intercropping modes.At the phylum level,the dominant bacterial phyla across all modes were Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Acidobacteria,while Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum.After intercropping,the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased compared to CK.At the genus level,intercropping significantly altered the fungal community structure.All three intercropping treatments increased the relative abundance of other functional fungal communities compared to CK,while the FD and FZ modes also increased the relative abundance of common soil pathogenic genera.The relative abundance of certain bacterial and fungal communities at the phylum level showed significant correlations with soil nutrient contents,indicating that soil nutrient content has an important impact on the composition and abundance of certain bacterial and fungal communities.[Conclusion]All three intercropping modes altered soil nutrient content and microbial community structure,with the most significant changes observed in fungi.The FD and FZ modes led to nutrient competition and negative effects with olive trees.The F3 intercropping mode had the best effect on improving soil nutrient content and the soil ecological environment of olive orchards.Therefore,it is recommended to adopt the multi-species grass intercropping mode in production.
oliveintercroppingsoil nutrient,microbial diversitystructure of community
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