摘要
[目的]筛选表现优异的贵州泡核桃种质资源.[方法]以从贵州不同地区收集的 20 份泡核桃种质单株坚果为材料,分别对其外观特性(横径、纵径、侧径)、经济性状(水分含量、脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、单果质量、出仁率、壳厚)、质构特性(破裂力、硬度、胶黏性、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性)、脂肪酸组成(棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸)及其含量进行统计分析,并采用聚类分析、主成分分析、相关性分析及通径分析等方法对坚果品质性状进行综合评价.[结果]20 份泡核桃种质坚果样品的三径均值为 31.88 mm,果形较大,主要为长圆形;脂肪和蛋白质含量高,均值分别达到68.82%和177.05 g/kg;单果质量、出仁率和壳厚最大的分别是TZ-15、ZA-7、BJ-01;ZA-15 的亚油酸含量最高,达到 73.06%;BJ-01 坚果的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性最大,TZ-15 坚果的破裂力、硬度、咀嚼性和胶黏性最小.聚类和主成分综合评价结果显示 20 份泡核桃中坚果用品质较好的是BJ-01、YH-04 和ZA-7,食品加工及油用品质较好的是DJ-04、DJ-09 和TZ-15,DJ-04、TZ-10 和ZA-7 的综合品质较好.相关性分析结果显示各品质因子间均有相关性,壳厚与质构特性显著相关.通径分析结果显示硬度和胶黏性受海拔的直接影响较大.[结论]TZ-15 和ZA-7 综合表现优异,可作为优良单株进行选育.
Abstract
[Objective]In order to screen out Juglans sigillata walnuts germplasm resources with good performance in Guizhou.[Method]20 individual plant of J.sigillata walnuts were collected from different regions of Guizhou as materials,and their appearance characteristics(transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,lateral diameter),economic characteristics(water content,fat content,protein content,single fruit mass,kernel rate,shell thickness),texture characteristics(fracture,hardness,gumminess,springiness,cohesiveness,chewiness),fatty acid composition and content(palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid)were statistically analyzed.Multivariate analysis methods such as cluster analysis,principal component analysis,correlation analysis,and path analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the nut quality traits.[Result]The average diameter of 20 J.sigillata walnuts was 31.88 mm,and the fruit shape was relatively large,mainly round in shape.The content of fat and protein were high,with an average of 68.82%and 177.05 g/kg,respectively.TZ-15,ZA-7,and BJ-01 had the highest single fruit mass,kernel rate,and shell thickness,respectively.ZA-15 had the highest relative content of linoleic acid,with 73.06%.BJ-01 had the highest hardness,gumminess and chewiness,while TZ-15 had the lowest fracture,hardness,chewiness and gumminess.The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis comprehensive evaluation showed that among 20 J.sigillata walnuts,BJ-01,YH-04,and ZA-7 had better nut quality,while DJ-04,DJ-09,and TZ-15 had better food processing and oil quality.DJ-04,TZ-10,and ZA-7 had better comprehensive quality.The correlation analysis findings revealed that there were relationships between walnut quality parameters,the shell thickness was found to be significant positively related to texture characteristics.The path analysis results show that hardness and gumminess were directly affected by altitude.[Conclusion]TZ-15 and ZA-7 have excellent comprehensive performance and could be selected as excellent individual plants for breeding.
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