Canopy fruiting characteristics of four main cultivars of Camellia oleifera
[Objective]To investigate the growth characteristics,fruit traits,and quality indices of different varieties of Camellia oleifera in order to explore the optimal shaping and pruning methods.[Method]In this research,we examined the growth indices,including tree height,crown width,ground diameter,and tree shape index,of four major cultivars of C.oleifera:'Huashuo','Huaxin','Huajin',and'Xianglin 210'.Additionally,we conducted a thorough investigation and analysis of the fruit traits and quality indices of these four varieties.[Result]Various C.oleifera varieties exhibited distinct tree shape characteristics.Compared to'Huajin',the average tree height of'Huashuo','Huaxin',and'Xianglin 210'decreased by 0.39 m,0.18 m,and 0.13 m,respectively,with significant differences observed(P＜0.05).The average crown width of'Huashuo','Huaxin',and'Huajin'was 0.22,0.25,and 0.14 m lower than that of'Xianglin 210',respectively,with significant differences observed(P＜0.05).The average ground diameter of'Huaxin','Huajin',and'Xianglin 210'was 2.44,1.53,and 2.15 cm lower than that of'Huashuo',respectively,with significant differences observed(P＜0.05).Tree shape had a significant impact on fruit size,maturity,fresh fruit mass,fruit horizontal diameter,the number of kernels per fruit,and the percentage of fresh seed distribution in the canopy.The fruit color of the upper layer of the four main varieties was more yellow and exhibited higher maturity compared to the middle and lower layers.The middle fruits of'Huashuo','Huaxin',and'Xianglin 210'were larger than those of the upper and lower layers,while the middle fruits of'Huajin'were smaller.The fresh fruit mass,fruit horizontal diameter and the number of grains per fruit in the lower layer of'Huashuo'were lower than those in the middle layer and upper layer.The fresh fruit mass and fresh seed yield in lower layer of'Huaxin'were less than those in middle layer and upper layer,and the number of single fruit grains in lower layer and middle layer was less than those in upper layer.The fresh fruit mass,the number of grains per fruit,fruit horizontal diameter and the fresh seed rate in the middle layer of'Huajin'were higher than those in the upper layer and the lower layer,and the fresh fruit mass and the fresh seed rate in the middle layer of'Xianglin 210'were higher than those in the lower layer and the upper layer.They had significant difference(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in oil content and fatty acid relative content among different varieties of oil-tea camellia seeds,but there were no significant differences among the canopy layers within the same variety.The oil content of the four main cultivars of C.oleifera was as follows:'Huashuo'(49.31%),'Xianglin 210'(47.41%),'Huaxin'(44.07%)and'Huajin'(33.66%).[Conclusion]This study investigated the growth characteristics,fruit traits,and quality indicators of four C.oleifera varieties across different canopy layers.Based on tree form characteristics and fruiting traits of each variety,pruning schemes were proposed:'Huashuo'and'Huaxin'should be lightly pruned,'Huajin'should be heavily pruned,and'Xianglin 210'should be moderately pruned.Specifically,'Huashuo'should focus on removing low-hanging and overgrown branches,'Huajin'should prioritize removing interior and overlapping branches,and'Huaxin'and'Xianglin 210'should emphasize removing low-hanging and overlapping branches.
Camellia oleiferacanopyfruit characteroil contentshaping and trimming
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