Research Progress on the Impact of Climate Change on the Female Labor Market
In recent years,research on the impact of climate change on the female labor market has garnered significant attention in academic circles.Claudia Goldin,recipient of the 2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics,presented the inaugural comprehensive overview of women's engagement in the labor market over recent centuries.Additionally,the economic and social effects of climate change directly or indirectly influence the female labor market.This paper aims to systematically summarize recent advancements in research concerning the impact of climate change on the female labor market.This paper focuses on various aspects such as the effect of climate change on female labor productivity,working hours,labor income,labor mobility,and adaptive policies for women facing climate change.Existing research has unearthed several key findings.(1)Climate change affects female labor productivity through environmental temperature and nutritional intake.Generally,rising temperatures tend to lower female labor productivity,exacerbating specific nutritional needs and subsequently influencing female labor productivity.(2)Climate change impacts the allocation of female labor between household chores and productive work,generally exacerbating the burden and time poverty experienced by women.(3)Climate change influences female labor income through family responsibilities and career development.Inherent family obligations often limit women's ability to generate income through independent economic activities,a challenge heightened by climate change.From a career development perspective,climate change poses higher risks than opportunities for women's employment.(4)Climate change serves as one of the driving forces for female labor migration between industries and between regions.Throughout this labor shift,women often find themselves in relatively passive positions due to factors such as family status and economic standing.By tracing the pathways through which climate change impacts the female labor market,this paper finds that gender equality,clean energy allocation,and labor production technology have been recurring themes in the existing research.These factors not only influence the current adaptability of female labor force to climate change but also serve as pivotal points for enhancing their future capabilities.Numerous scholars have extensively researched and contributed to these areas.(1)Gender inequality pervades various aspects of production and life,and climate change exacerbates this inequality.Affirming women's equal status and recognizing their leadership in environmental decision-making contribute to enhancing women's ability to adapt to climate change.(2)The inefficiency,pollution,and instability of conventional energy sources significantly impede the development of female labor force.Optimizing the allocation of clean energy not only enhances female labor efficiency but also reduces the adverse impacts of climate change on female labor.(3)The innovation and upgrading of labor production technologies,particularly in agriculture,will substantially alleviate the production burdens on female labor force and enhance their capacity to cope with climate change risks.(4)Widespread financial policies and improved education levels effectively enhance women's ability to cope with climate change.In conclusion,existing research has extensively explored various dimensions of the impact of climate change on the female labor market.Moving forward,this paper suggests potential expansions in future research regarding the influence of climate change on the female labor market.(1)Theoretical foundations should be enriched through developing general equilibrium models or applying climate change theoretical frameworks in the context of the female labor market.(2)Optimizing solutions for endogeneity issues,such as constructing difference-in-differences models,can be instrumental.Furthermore,incorporating higher-quality data contributes to enhancing the accuracy of core variables and standardizing empirical research.(3)Research content can be strengthened through intensified heterogeneous analysis,improved data accuracy or sample sizes,or considering interdisciplinary intersections among different fields of study.
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