Intelligentized Reconstruction and Green Transformation of Enterprises:A Study Based on Micro Data of Imported Industrial Robots
The green transformation of enterprises is of great significance for China's"dual carbon"strategy.China explicitly designated sustainable development strategy as a national strategy in the 9th Five-Year Plan in 1995.As a key area of energy conservation and emission reduction,the manufacturing industry has started the green transformation of production since the promulgation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Clean Production in 2002.Administrative Regulations on Levy and Use of Pollutant Discharge Fees in 2003 increased the emission reduction costs of enterprises,forcing manufacturing enterprises to accelerate green technology innovation.China further clarified the overall requirements and key tasks for greenhouse gas emissions in 2011,and reducing industrial pollutant emissions became an important link for enterprises to achieve green transformation.The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been deepening in the 21st century,and the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises has become an important way to promote the transformation of development mode and high-quality economic development.Industrial robot is a common means of enterprise intelligent transformation.The first ten-year action plan of Made in China 2025 clearly identifies"computer numerical control machine tools and robots"as one of the key areas to be vigorously promoted.The 14th Five-Year Plan clearly encourages innovation in industries such as robotics and promotes the high-end,intelligent,and green development of manufacturing industry.This article matches the four databases of China Customs Trade Database,China Industrial Enterprise Database,China Enterprise Pollution Emission Database,and China Industrial Enterprise Patent Database to form enterprises data on imported industrial robot from 2000 to 2013,constructs a fixed effect model and an industrial chain transmission effect model,and analyzes the emission reduction effects and mechanisms of intelligentized reconstruction.The empirical study shows that imported industrial robots significantly inhibit the pollution emissions of manufacturing enterprises,but this effect is mainly brought about by industrial robots in the production line,especially multifunctional industrial robots,which improves the labor productivity,expands the output scale,reduces energy intensity,and increases total factor productivity(TFP).Imported industrial robots also promote the pollution reduction of upstream and downstream enterprises through the transmission effect of the industrial chain.The more industrial robots imported by upstream enterprises,the more it can promote the emission reduction of downstream enterprises.Meanwhile,the more industrial robots imported by downstream enterprises,the more they can promote the emission reduction of upstream enterprises.At the same time,industrial robots have a more promoting effect on green transformation of enterprises in regions with higher human capital,and better industrial structure and infrastructure,as well as in industries with higher technological level.This is more obvious in regions where the proportion of higher education population is higher and the technological infrastructure is more complete.Moreover,industrial robots have a greater impact on the emission reduction in enterprises at provincial boundaries,and the use of industrial robots reduces the problem of"pollution shelters".The data of industrial robots in existing literature is mainly calculated based on the annual installation volume of industrial robots,or the flow data of imported industrial robots,which cannot reflect the actual use of industrial robots in enterprises.The amount of imports of industrial robots in stock is a micro-level data that can represent the actual value of imported industrial robots used in production.It can more accurately measure the impact of investment in robots and other equipment on enterprises'pollutant reduction,and help to study the impact mechanism based on robot classification.This article takes the amount of imports of industrial robots in stock as the core explanatory variable,distinguishing the use of different industrial robots.It also extends the impact to the transmission effect of the industrial chain,exploring the regional and industrial heterogeneity of the pollution reduction effect of industrial robots,which enriches and expands existing research on the pollution reduction effect of industrial robots,providing decision-making ideas and policy reference for intelligent technologies such as robots to better serve China's green development.
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