多产品出口企业加成率提升是数字化转型赋能推进高水平对外开放的重要方面。本文分别基于自然语言处理技术和De Loecker et al。(2016)方法测算了企业数字化转型和产品层面加成率指标，在此基础上实证探究了数字化转型对多产品出口企业产品加成率的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:总体上，数字化转型有利于促进多产品企业加成率的提升，并且对核心产品加成率的促进作用大于对非核心产品加成率的促进作用。机制检验结果表明，要素配置优化效应和产品质量升级效应是数字化转型提高多产品企业加成率的内在路径，由于上述效应在核心产品中的作用更强，因此，大幅提高了核心产品的加成率。本研究揭示了由数字化转型驱动的企业内部产品资源配置和差异化调整对培育中国外贸竞争新优势的重要意义。
Digital Transformation,Internal Adjustments of Enterprises,and Multi-product Markups
Digital transformation is an important strategic choice made by enterprises against the background of rapid development of the digital economy and a deeper transformation caused by the integration of digital technology and comprehensive elements of enterprises.Digital technology,with its extensive connectivity,efficiency enhancement,deep-ened collaboration,and open-source nature,has triggered a profound transformation in the domain of international trade,which is of great significance to cultivating new competitive advantages for foreign trade enterprises and propelling high-level openness.The product markups of multi-product exporters constitute an important perspective to understand the construction of a high-level opening-up system in China empowered by digital transformation.Based on the natural lan-guage processing technology and the estimation method of De Loecker et al.(2016),this paper calculates the enterprise digital transformation and product markup indicators,respectively.Based on the matching data of listed companies and Chinese customs from 2006 to 2015,this paper systematically examines the impact of digital transformation on the prod-uct markups of multi-product exporters and its mechanism at the theoretical and empirical levels.The results show that enterprise digital transformation can significantly improve the product markups of multi-product exporters.Further research shows that the promotion effect of digital transformation on product markups varies according to product ranking,and the closer the products are to the core competitiveness,the stronger the promotion effect is.The conclusions of this paper are still valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests.The mechanism analysis results demonstrate that the factor allocation optimization effect and product quality upgrading effect are the internal mechanisms of digital transformation to improve markups of multi-product exporters.For the products that are closer to the core com-petitiveness,digital transformation makes internal factors of enterprises converge to them and improves their export qual-ity to a greater extent.Therefore,digital transformation increases the markups of such products more significantly.The findings of this paper have significant policy implications and practical insights.Firstly,it is necessary to follow the trend of digital technology and promote the digital transformation of enterprises.Enterprises should formulate digital transformation strategies based on their business scope and development plans,while the government should play a sup-porting and guiding role in enterprises'digital transformation.Secondly,multi-product enterprises should pay attention to the management of internal product lines,maintaining a coordinated development between product diversification and core strategy.This entails fostering innovation and improvement in the production process of core products,and conducting thorough assessments of the costs and benefits associated with product diversification.Thirdly,enterprises should ac-tively explore realistic paths for optimizing internal resources allocation through digital transformation.This involves delv-ing into hidden element information within the product production process,driving the collaborative configuration of di-verse factors,breaking down internal data barriers,and expanding the empowering scenarios of data elements.Lastly,enterprises should strive to upgrade their product quality by introducing automated and intelligent production systems.Si-multaneously,they should improve their digital quality management systems and pave the way for a shift towards high-quality development in foreign trade.This paper reveals that the internal product resource allocation and differentiated adjustment behaviors driven by digi-tal transformation are of great significance for cultivating China's competitive advantages in foreign trade.The marginal contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects.Firstly,this paper explores the relationship be-tween enterprise digital transformation and product markups from the perspective of multi-product exporters,expanding the research scope of digital transformation and product markups.Secondly,in terms of influencing mechanisms,this pa-per proposes and confirms that the factor allocation optimization effect and product quality upgrading effect within multi-product exporters are the internal mechanisms of the digital transformation to improve the product markups,which pro-vides a useful reference for cultivating the competitive advantage of Chinese exporters against the digital background.Thirdly,this paper enriches research on the internal adjustment of enterprises.This paper not only reveals the effect of digital transformation on the internal resource allocation of multi-product exporters but also examines the relationship be-tween digital transformation and the quality differentiation adjustment of multi-product enterprises,adding a new dimen-sion to research on industrial organizations and international trade.
Digital TransformationMulti-product ExportersProduct MarkupsInternal Adjustment of Enterprises
万方数据
维普
