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加快发展新质生产力:利用数智技术推进企业深度转型

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"新技术群"的爆发,引致工业经济时代向数智经济时代转型,一切正在颠覆、一切正在重构。作为微观经济主体,企业利用数智技术进行深度转型不仅是对传统发展模式的"颠覆",更是对未来发展模式的"重构"。有鉴于此,本文借鉴"技术—经济"范式,并将其进行拓展,形成"技术变革—企业变革"逻辑线路,即技术变革通过渗透性、赋能性和替代性等内在机制引发企业变革,概括、提炼出企业数智化转型的"八大取向",其表现为:去物理化、去实体化、去边界化、去人工化、去单位化、去中心化、去中介化、去拥有化。通过对"八大取向"进行整体性、层次性的阐述,不仅从理论上建构起企业数智化转型取向的系统框架,而且从实践上勾勒出企业未来发展的精准画像。需要指出的是,企业数智化转型的"八大取向"不是绝对的而是相对的,本质是基于数智技术不断演进的渐进式、逼近化、动态性过程,即"新技术群"的演进深度决定了"八大取向"的发展程度。这里,对"八大取向"的阐述,在理论上侧重点各有不同,但是在实践中彼此联系、相互糅合,横向叠加、纵向贯通。研究表明,数智技术变革势必引发企业变革,表现为由传统企业转向数智企业、由传统思维转向数智思维,旨在从微观层面构建新质生产力,打造"新质企业",推动数实深度融合。
Accelerate the Development of New Quality Productive Forces:Utilizing Digital Intelligence Technology to Promote Deep Transformation of Enterprises
Digital intelligence technology has undergone a transformation from"point"to"plane"and then to"group",forming a"new technology cluster"including the Internet,the Internet of things,big data,cloud computing,blockchain,AR,VR,AIGC,ChatGPT,and the meta-universe.As a collection of technologies such as information,connectivity,computing,and learning,the"new technology cluster"has transformed from single-point explosion to group breakthrough,from single-point innovation to system innovation,forming a"cluster"of"N"technologies that are interconnected and promoted as a whole.Ultimately,it accelerates deep integration with enterprises through high integra-tion,high synergy,and high linkage,promoting a qualitative change in enterprise production and operation activities.This is mainly due to the unique characteristics of the"new technology cluster":permeability,empowerment,and sus-tainability.Firstly,digital intelligence technology can rapidly penetrate traditional enterprises in a wide range of fields,at a deep level,and in all directions.It can achieve factor optimization and restructuring,improve total factor productivity(TFP),extend,transform,and integrate the entire industry chain,and break through the threshold of value growth by accelerat-ing the mobility and connectivity between production factors.Secondly,digital intelligence technology,data elements,digital labor,digital space,digital platforms,and digital governance,which are above technological changes,continuously empower traditional enterprises towards the direction of"technology+,data+,intelligence+,platform+,wisdom+"through empowerment and intelligence.While enjoy-ing the"dividends"of technological changes,they accelerate the digitization of R&D,manufacturing,marketing,and op-erations,achieve management innovation and business innovation,and give birth to new business forms and models rep-resented by the precision economy,gig economy,and sharing economy,fully exerting the superposition effect,multi-pliereffect,index effect,and multiplier effect.Thirdly,with the support of digital intelligence technology,the theory of spatial agglomeration has achieved a trans-formation from physical spatial agglomeration to virtual spatial agglomeration.The essence of this disruptive transforma-tion lies in the use of connection technology,twin technology,computing technology,storage technology,and intelligent technology to create an infinite virtual network to replace limited physical entities(land),promoting the transformation of enterprise production and operation activities from the physical world to the digital world,gradually shifting between the two worlds,or interweaving back and forth between the"two worlds"based on the cost-benefit trade-off.The"new technology cluster"has led to the transition from the industrial economy era to the digital economy era and everything is being overturned and reconstructed.The digital intelligence transformation of enterprises is not only a"sub-version"of conventional development models but also a"reconstruction"of future development models.This article,based on the"technology-economy"paradigm,expands it to form a logical line of"technological revolution-enterprise revolution",that is,technological changes trigger enterprise changes through internal mechanisms such as permeability,empowerment,and sustainability.It summarizes the"eight orientations"of digital intelligence transformation of enter-prise:de-physicalization,de-materialization,de-boundarization,de-artificialization,de-unitization,de-centralization,de-intermediation,and de-ownership.Comprehensively and hierarchically elaborating on the"eight orientations",this article not only constructs a systematic framework for the digital intelligence transformation orientation of enterprises from a theoretical perspective but also outlines a precise picture of the future development of enterprises in practice.It should be pointed out that the"eight orientations"of digital intelligence transformation of enterprise are not abso-lute,but relative.Essentially,they are a gradual,approaching,and dynamic process based on the evolution of digital in-telligence technology.The depth of evolution of the"new technology cluster"determines the development of the"eight orientations".Here,the exposition of the"eight orientations"has different theoretical focuses,but in practice,they are interconnected and blended,horizontally stacked and vertically connected.Research has shown that the revolution of digi-tal intelligence technology is bound to trigger enterprise transformation,manifested as the shift from traditional enter-prises to digital intelligence enterprises and from traditional thought to digital intelligence thought,aiming to build"new quality productive forces"at the micro level and create"new quality enterprises",and promote deep integration of digital technology with the real economy.

New Technology ClusterEight OrientationsTechnological Revolution-Enterprise RevolutionDeep Integration of Digital Technology with the Real Economy

李海舰、李凌霄

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中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,100732

西安交通大学经济与金融学院,710061

数智技术 新质企业 "技术变革—企业变革" 数实深度融合

2024

经济学动态
中国社会科学院经济研究所

经济学动态

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.125
ISSN:1002-8390
年,卷(期):2024.(11)