Since the establishment of the basic pension system in the 1990s,the unified pension system has been one of the core issues in reform of China's pension system.With unified collection and allocation of funds as the criterion,this study examined the four stages in the evolution of the unified pension system:the initial stage of establishment of the unified pension system at the county and city levels in the 1990s,the tran-sition stage of implementing the provincial pension system since 2000,the reform stage of unified provincial collection and allocation since 2017,and the stage of launching and implementing the national pension system since 2022.The driving force for improvement of the unified level lies in the top-level design and the local en-dogenous demand.The measures for implementing the unified pension system include reducing information asymmetry,adopting incentive measures for collection,and implementing performance evaluation.The core op-erational logic of the unified pension system is to solve the problem of incentives and constraints.Despite the progress that has been achieved since the implementation of the national unified pension system in China,2022,this system face problems such as unclear goals,limited fund adjustment,fragmented policies,and implementation difficulties under economic downturn.Focusing on solving the problem of incentives and con-straints,this paper put forward measures for the future reform.These measures include optimizing the pension system design,establishing a national unified information network,clarifying the relationship between central and local authorities,improving incentive contracts,and enhancing fund adjustment,which help to ultimately achieve national unified collection and allocation.
PensionUnified SystemIncentives and ConstraintsImprovement of Unified Level
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
