Objective To analyze the knowledge of basic AIDS knowledge,characteristics of high-risk behaviors and infection of male floating population in Putuo District of Shanghai,and to provide the evidence for AIDS prevention and control in the area.Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among male floating population in Putuo District from 2019 to 2023,and the blood samples for laboratory were detected for AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis C virus antibodies.Results A total of 2176 people were included in this study,and the awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control among floating population in different years was statistically significant(P<0.05).The correct rate of"Will mosquito bites spread AIDS?"was low(69.3%).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that different occupations and education levels were the influencing factors of AIDS prevention knowledge among floating population.Conclusion The awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control knowledge among floating population in Putuo District is above 80%,and it is still necessary to strengthen AIDS prevention and control knowledge propaganda for key population in the future.