摘要
目的 了解上海市闵行区企业职工职业病防治知识的认知及其需求情况,为开展针对性的职业病培训宣传工作提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,使用自行制定的"职业病防治知识及需求调查问卷",对涉及职业健康有害因素的企业一线工人及管理人员进行调查.结果 职工对职业病的基本特征和职业病防治法定责任者的知晓率较高,分别为94.80%和92.42%;熟悉《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》相关内容的仅占47.00%;在职业病有关危害因素调查中,对高温的知晓率较低(54.76%).职工对职业病防治和症状、职业病种类对人体危害、职业病中毒事故应急事故等职业病防治内容的知识需求较高,需求率分别为83.42%、87.92%和83.33%;在获取方式方面,希望通过合同告知、企业在岗培训、厂区宣传栏告知的占比较高,分别为76.63%、89.95%和74.96%.结论 闵行区工业企业职工总体的职业病防治知识知晓率相对较高,但不同岗位、年龄、工龄、学历、性别、户籍的人员对职业病防治的认知情况也有一定差异.企业职工的主要职业健康防治知识需求以传统职业病防治内容为主,应当结合企业职工的需求以传统的宣教模式为主.
Abstract
Objective To understand the knowledge and needs of occupational disease prevention and control among employees in a certain district of Shanghai,and provide a basis for targeted occupational disease training and publicity work.Methods Using cluster sampling method,a self-designed"Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Knowledge and Demand Survey Questionnaire"was used to investigate frontline workers and management personnel in industrial enterprises related to occupational health hazards.Results The awareness rates of employees regarding the basic characteristics of occupational diseases and the legal responsibilities for occupational disease prevention and control were relatively high,at 94.80%and 92.42%,respectively;only 47.00%were familiar with the relevant content of the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China;in the investigation of occupational disease related hazards,the awareness rate of high temperature was relatively low(54.76%).Employees had a high demand for occupational disease prevention and control,symptom knowledge,knowledge of the hazards of occupational diseases to the human body,and knowledge of emergency accidents related to occupational disease poisoning,with demand rates of 83.42%,87.92%,and 83.33%,respectively;in terms of acquisition methods,a relatively high proportion(76.63%,89.95%,and 74.96%)hope to be informed through contracts,on-the-job training,and factory bulletin boards,respectively.Conclusion The overall knowledge of occupational disease prevention and control among employees of industrial enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai is relatively high,but there are also some differences in the cognition of occupational disease prevention and control among employees of different posts,ages,length of service,educational background,gender and registered residence.The main occupational health prevention and control knowledge needs of industrial enterprise employees are mainly based on traditional occupational disease prevention and control content,and should be combined with the needs of enterprise employees to focus on traditional education models.
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