摘要
目的 分析烟台市中小学校教学环境的卫生状况和变化趋势,为制定教学环境卫生干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层抽样的方法,于 2019-2023 年对全市 1 692 所中小学校的教学环境卫生开展监测和评价.结果 除课桌椅分配符合率外,其他项目的 5 年整体合格率为 67.07%,不同年份间差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.532,P<0.05).总体合格率较高的为黑板尺寸(85.88%)、黑板面照度均匀度(80.56%)、噪声(75.12%),合格率较低的为课桌椅分配符合率(45.92%)、黑板面平均照度(44.21%)、黑板反射比(43.56%).人均面积、黑板反射比、课桌面照度、课桌面照度均匀度和课桌椅分配合格率均为中学高于小学(P<0.05).黑板反射比、噪声和课桌椅分配合格率均为乡村学校高于城区学校(均P<0.05);黑板面平均照度、黑板面照度均匀度和桌面平均照度和噪声合格率均为城区学校高于乡村学校(P值均<0.05).结论 烟台市中小学校的黑板采光和照明、课桌椅配备合格率较低,应加强对教学条件的改善,提升中小学校教学环境的卫生水平.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the hygienic status and changing trend of teaching environment in primary and secondary schools in Yantai,and to provide basis for formulating intervention measures of teaching environment hygiene.Methods From 2019 to 2023,the teaching environment hygiene of 1 692 primary and secondary schools in the city was monitored and evaluated by stratified sampling.Results Except the coincidence rate of desks and chairs,the overall qualified rate in five years was 67.07%,with statistical significance in different years(χ2=44.532,P<0.05).Overall,the higher qualified rates are blackboard size(85.88%),uniformity of illumination on blackboard surface(80.56%)and noise(75.12%),while the lower qualified rates are desk and chair allocation coincidence rate(45.92%),average illumination on blackboard surface(44.21%)and blackboard reflectance(43.56%).The per capita area,blackboard eflectivity desk illumination,desk illumination uniformity and the qualified rate of desk and chair allocation in middle schools are higher than those in primary schools(P<0.05).The qualified rate of blackboard reflectance,noise and desk and chair allocation is higher in rural schools than in urban schools(P<0.05).The average illumination on the blackboard surface,the uniformity of illumination on the blackboard surface,the average illumination on the desktop and the qualified rate of noise are all higher in urban schools than those in rural schools(P<0.05).Conclusion The qualified rate of blackboard lighting,lighting,desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in Yantai is low,teaching conditions should be improved,and the sanitary level of teaching environment in primary and secondary schools should be improved.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据