Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)infection is the main cause of cervical malignant tumors.Therefore,it was generally believed that the incidence of cervical small cell carcinoma was also closely related to HPV in-fection.Currently,over 90％of cervical cancer patients can detect high-risk HPV16 and 18 infections.Small cell neuroen-docrine carcinoma of the cervix(SCNECC)is a primary malignant tumor with low incidence rate,strong invasion and poor prognosis.Recent studies show that SCNECC was driven by HPV,but no causal relationship had been established between HPV infection and cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.The main reason was that the clinical sample size was small,the relevant research evidence was insufficient,and the correlation between HPV infection was difficult to be de-fined.In this article,we reported a rare case of cervical small cell carcinoma with HPV 16 and 18 infections,described its clinical diagnosis and treatment process in detail,analyzed the immunohistochemistry characteristics of cervical small cell carcinoma,summarized the experience,and further explored the correlation between cervical small cell carcinoma and HPV infection by referring to the latest literature,in order to discuss and learn with clinicians,and provide new ideas for the diag-nosis and treatment of cervical small cell carcinoma.
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