Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and a common cause of end-stage renal disease.Genetic factors,metabolic disorders,oxidative stress,and inflammatory responses are closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease,but its pathogenesis is still unclear.Short-chain fatty acids are the main metabolites of dietary fiber fermented by intestinal flora in the host intestine.They participate in a series of metabolic processes,such as regulating appetite,regulating glucose metabolism,regulating lipid metabolism,and reducing inflammatory responses by activating G protein-coupled receptors and deacetylhistone receptors,and thus may play a key role in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease.This article discusses the relationship between short-chain fatty acids and diabetic kidney disease and related controversies,in order to provide new ideas for understand-ing the role of short-chain fatty acids in the occurrence and development of diabetes and the prevention and treatment of di-abetic kidney disease.