Objective To observe the basic status,behavior,serum substance P(SP),interleukin-8(IL-8),interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)levels of knee osteoarthritis experimental rabbits after treatment with inner heating dry needle.To explore the po-tential therapeutic mechanism of internal heat on experimental rabbits with knee osteoarthritis.Methods Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into blank group,model group,Celecoxib group and inner heating dry needle group according to random number table method,with 4 rabbits in each group.The knee osteoarthritis models of model group,Celecoxib group and inner heating dry needle group were induced by papain method.The inner heat acupuncture group was treated in Neixiyan(EX-LE4),Dubi(ST35),Yangliangqiu(ST34)and Zusanli(ST36),once on the 14th,21st,28th and 35th day from the date of molding,each treatment was 20 minutes,a total of four times.The Celecoxib group was given Celecoxib(24 mg/kg)once daily for four times at the same time point.The blank group and the model group did not receive any treatment.The modified Lequesne MG scale was used to score experimental rabbits before and after treatment.After treatment,blood and knee fluid samples of experimental rabbits were collected,and the expression levels of IL-8 and IL-1 β in serum SP and knee fluid of experimental rabbits in each group were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with the blank group,the rabbits in the model group showed decreased appetite,low spirit and reduced activity,and these symptoms were significantly improved in the internal heating dry needle group.The Lequesne MG scores of model group,Celecoxib group and internal heating dry needle were higher than that of blank group after modeling,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The Lequesne MG score of model group was higher than that of internal heating dry needle group and Celecoxib group after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum SP expression level of model group and Celecoxib group were higher than that of blank group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The level of SP expression in the experimental rabbits in the internal heating dry needle group was lower than that in the model group after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-1β in knee fluid of model group were higher than those of blank group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-1β in knee fluid of Celecoxib group and inner heating dry needle group after intervention were lower than those of model group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-1β in the knee fluid of the inner heating dry needle group after intervention were lower than those of Celecoxib group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment of inner heating dry needle may reduce the expression level of serum SP and inhibit the expres-sion of inflammatory mediators IL-8 and 1L-1β in knee fluid,so as to effectively treat knee osteoarthritis.