Objective To explore the role of nursing interventions based on mindfulness decompression therapy in lung cancer chemotherapy patients.Methods A total of 104 patients with lung cancer admitted to Cancer Hospital,Chinese A-cademy of Medical Sciences from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects,and they were divided into control group(52 cases)and observation group(52 cases)by random number table method.The control group received routine nursing,and the observation group received nursing intervention based on mindfulness decompression therapy on the basis of routine nursing.The cancer-related fatigue,psychological state,and self-efficacy levels of patients of the two groups were compared(P>0.05).Results After nursing,the scores of emotional fatigue,somatosensory fatigue,and cognitive fa-tigue in the revised Piper fatigue scale(RPFS)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05).After nursing,the scores of self stress reduction,positive attitude,and self decision-making in the strategies used by people to promote health(SUPPH)of the observation group were higher thean those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion After nursing intervention based on mindfulness decom-pression therapy,cancer-related fatigue in lung cancer chemotherapy patients has been alleviated,their negative emotions have been alleviated,and their self-efficacy level has been further improved.