The special population of osteoporosis includes patients who have undergone fracture surgery,long-term glucocorticoid application,or have breast cancer,prostate cancer,rheumatoid arthritis,and other diseases.For these patients,the treatment drugs and health management plan have been modified and optimized to some extent compared to the conventional osteoporosis population.Additionally,when patients have other serious diseases,the treatment and follow-up monitoring of osteoporosis are often neglected,leading to missed opportunities for the best treatment.This article reviews the treatment and health management programs for special populations based on the characteristics of various anti-osteoporosis treatments and recent advancements,aiming to provide a better reference for clinical treatment.