Objective To apply the self-management model based on empowerment theory to peritoneal dialysis patients to improve their self-management ability and prognosis.Methods A total of 120 patients with regular follow-up at our hospital's peritoneal dialysis center were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group,with 60 patients in each group.The control group received routine management,while the observation group received self-management based on empowerment theory.We observed and compared the self-efficacy,capacity management level,and capacity load related indicators of both groups before and after the intervention.Results Before intervention,the general self-efficacy scale(GSES)scores of the control group and the observer were(17.55±2.18)points and(17.20±2.22)points.After intervention,the GSES scores of the two groups increased with time,the scores of the two dimensions of the capacity management table were higher than those before intervention,and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After intervention,the systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and body weight of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the 24 h urine volume was higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in 24 h ultrafiltration volume between the two groups after intervention(P>0.05).Conclusions The self-management model based on empowerment theory can improve the self-management level of peritoneal dialysis patients and improve the capacity load.