Four commonalities are shared by Hongshan culture and"Xiaoheyan"culture through a comparative study on the two cultures,both of which are located in Liaoxi region of Northwestern China:First,a contemporaneous development stage lasting 1 000 years from 4 000 to 3 000BC exists;second,the distribution spaces of both culture cen-tering around Laoha River,Jiaolai River and upper reaches of Xilamulun River overlaps;third,such cultural elements as types of houses,tomb,pottery,jade and stone artifact are shared in these cultures;fourth,the common cultural prov-enance traces back to Zhaobaogou culture.Aforesaid commonalities also reveal that Hongshan culture and"Xiaoheyan"culture should attribute to same archaeology culture rather than what used to believe that they are different archaeology culture.That is to say,the remains discovered in early and middle period of"Xiaoheyan"culture correspond to those discovered in milled and later period of Hongshan culture,both of which should be attributed to"extended Hongshan cul-ture"with their own cultural properties:Niulianghe sites used to belong to Hongshan culture could be referred to"impe-rial mausoleum"or"noble cemetery"in the era of Hongshan Proto-state,while"Danangou"cemetery of"Xiaoheyan"culture refers to"civilian grave".This new insight provides a promising perspective for further interpretation of the gene-alogy of Hongshan culture and the characteristics of Hongshan civilization.
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