Effects of Various Livestock Manure under Continuous Application on Composition of Soil Bound Humus
In order to explore the effects of long-term continuous application of different kinds of livestock manure on bound humus and its composition in soil,a long-term pilot study was conducted in Jilin Agricultural University Experimental Station in 2010.Four treatments were set up in the ex-periment,namely,continuous application of chicken manure(ChM),continuous application of pig manure(PM),continuous application of cow manure(CM)and blank control(ck)with single applica-tion of chemical fertilizer.Soil samples were collected and analyzed in October of the first year,the third year,the fifth year and the seventh year after the experiment.Based on Anderson's method,hu-mus was divided into loose,connected,stable and tight humus.The results showed that with the ex-tension of continuous application years of livestock manure,the loose humus content of ck treatment had no obvious change,while the loose humus content of continuous application of livestock manure treatment increased with the extension of time.After 7 years of continuous application,the loose hu-mus treated by ChM increased by 107％,while the CM and PM treatments increased by 88.1％and 88.8％,respectively.In addition,the contents of humic acid(HA)and fulvic acid(FA)in loosely bound humus treated with ChM were always significantly higher than ck,but the difference of Hu-Fu ratio(H/F)with time was not significant.For bound humus,the content of humus treated with live-stock manure was higher than ck.After continuous application for 1 or 3 years,the content of PM and ChM treatment was the highest.However,with the extension of continuous application years,there was no significant difference among the treatments.In addition,there was no significant difference between ChM,CM and PM treatments in the content of bound HA,but the H/F of ChM treatment was always significantly higher than ck,while the FA content decreased with the extension of time,with PM and CM treatments significantly higher than ck.The content of stabilized humus showed a gradual upward trend with the extension of continuous application time.After continuous application for 5 years,it increased rapidly.After 7 years,the content of stabilized humus in each treatment reached the highest value,with significant differences between ChM,PM treatments and ck.In addi-tion,HA content of stabilized humus in each treatment with manure was higher than ck.H/F of CM treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments.After continuous application for 5 years,FA content of ChM,PM and CM treatments increased by 53.3％,45.8％and 15.0％respec-tively compared with ck.For compacted humus,continuous application of livestock manure in-creased the content of compacted humus in soil,and PM and ChM treatments were significantly higher than ck treatments.
soilhumuslivestock manurecontinuous applicationbound state of humus
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