Effects of Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Utilization of Spring Maize and Soil Phosphorus Transformation
Through pot experiments,the effects of phosphorus application on spring maize yield,root growth,phosphorus accumulation,phosphorus transfer,phosphorus utilization efficiency and soil phosphorus pool transformation were studied,which provides a scientific basis for reducing and in-creasing phosphorus fertilizer application rate in maize in typical black soil areas of Northeast China.The results showed that grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of phospho-rus application rate,varying from 9.1％to 15.0％,and the difference between phosphorus application treatments was not significant.Phosphorus application helped to increase the number of maize roots and improve their morphology.It is beneficial to downward rooting and lateral extension of maize roots.Root vitality was greatly affected by the amount of phosphorus application.Excessive phospho-rus application seriously reduced root vitality,while reducing phosphorus appropriately on the basis of farmers'habit of fertilization had little effect on root vitality.Phosphorus application could in-crease the absorption of phosphorus in maize plants and increase the accumulation of phosphorus in maize grains.Spring maize phosphorus utilization efficiency,phosphorus fertilizer partial productiv-ity,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic efficiency,and phosphorus utilization efficiency decreased with the increase of phosphorus application.Through phosphorus classification,it was found that the con-tent of inorganic phosphorus components and organic phosphorus components of soil increased with the increase of phosphorus application.The application of phosphate fertilizer mainly improved the relative content of inorganic phosphorus source and latent organic phosphorus source,but had little effect on the relative content of potential inorganic phosphorus source and available organic phospho-rus source.Therefore,combining indicators such as phosphorus surplus and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer,under the test conditions,the application rate of phosphate fertilizer was about 60 kg/hm2,which is conducive to the high and stable yield of the"golden maize belt"and the reduc-tion of phosphate fertilizer application.
万方数据
维普
