Shift in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs'Perception of Zhang Xueliang and the Trigger of the September 18th Incident:Focusing on Negotiations over the Jilin-Huining and Changchun-Dalian Railways
Shift in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs'Perception of Zhang Xueliang and the Trigger of the September 18th Incident:Focusing on Negotiations over the Jilin-Huining and Changchun-Dalian Railways
Japan initially viewed Zhang Xueliang as young and easy to manipulate,supporting his governance in Northeast China in an attempt to protect and expand its so-called"Manchuria-Mongolia Privileges and Advantages,"while maintaining the region's de facto"independence"from the rest of China.However,during negotiations with Zhang over the Jilin-Huining and Changchun-Dalian railways,Japan gradually came to realize Zhang's lack of will-ingness to cooperate and decisiveness,causing its stance toward him to waver.After the flag change in Northeast China,Japan continued to pursue localized negotiations on the railway issue,concluding that Zhang was deeply in-fluenced by Chinese nationalism,seeking to regain control over the region's economic rights and at the very least,no longer willing to concede to Japan.This confirmed that Zhang had no intention of cooperating with Japan.With the centralization of railway diplomacy,Japan shifted its focus to issues such as land leasehold rights under'treaty guarantees'and the settlement of Koreans,deliberately provoking conflicts.This approach eventually led to the Wan-baoshan Incident and the formulation of plans for a military resolution to the"Manchuria-Mongolia issue,"culminat-ing in the September 18th Incident and then the 15-year war of aggression against China.The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs played a pivotal role in Japan's decision to launch its war of aggression against China,bearing unde-niable historical responsibility."
关键词
日本/张学良/九一八事变/外务省/铁道交涉
Key words
Japan/Zhang Xueliang/September 18th Incident/Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs/railway nego-tiations
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