The effect of extracellular vesicles derived from dental pulp stem cells on alleviating periodontitis and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration
Objective To analyse the role of dental pulp stem cell(DPSC)-derived exosomes(Exos)in alleviating periodontitis and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration.Methods Thirty SPF-grade SD rats were selected and divided into control,model and experimental groups,in which the control group was not given treatment,the model and experi-mental groups were established as chronic periodontitis(CP)rat models,with 10 rats in every group and the experimen-tal group received DPSC-Exos injections into the palatal gingiva of the bilateral maxillary first molars.The distance from the enamel bone boundary to the top of the alveolar ridge(CEJ-ABC)and periodontal tissue changes were compared among the three groups of rats.Periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs)were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group,no treatment was given to the control group,and DPSC-Exos was added to the petri dish of the experimental group,to compare the migration ability,proliferation ability,and the number of calcaneal nodules of the two groups,and to detect the expression of Runt-related transcription factor-2(Runx-2)mRNA,Bone Salivary Protein(BSP)mRNA,and protein expression of the cells in the two groups.Results No abnormalities were observed in the periodontal tissues of rats in the control group;in the periodontal tissues of rats in the model group,there were disorders in the arrangement of collagen fibres,a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration,obvious proliferation of epithelium in the pocket with a shift towards the root,and resorption of the alveolar bone;in the periodontal tissues of the experimental group,there was a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells compared with that of the control group,and the epithelium of the gingival sulcus did not have obvious proliferation and shift towards the root.The CEJ-ASC distance of rats in the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group;the CEJ-ASC distance of rats in the exper-imental group was significantly lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).The OD value of the cells in the experi-mental group was significantly higher compared with the control group in the 12h,24h and 72h time points;the migration rate of the cells in the experimental group was significantly higher compared with the control group in the 12h and 24h time points(P<0.05).The number of cellular calcium nodules in the experimental group was significantly higher compared with the control group(P<0.05).The number of cellular Runx-2 mRNA,BSP mRNA,Runx-2 protein,and BSP protein was significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion DPSC-Exos can reduce inflammatory symptoms and decrease the degree of bone resorption in periodontitis rats,while DPSC-Exos can promote the proliferation and migration activities of PDLSCs cells,and enhance the osteogenic differenti-ation ability of PDLSCs cells,the mechanism of which may be related to its mediation of Runx-2 and BSP expression.
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