摘要
目的 探讨MR体素内不相干运动(IVIM)-弥散加权成像(DWI)评价经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)效果及预后.方法 选取 2019 年 6 月 30 日至 2022 年 12 月 30 日山东第一医科大学第二附属医院和新疆医科大学第一附属医院采用TACE治疗的 84 例不能手术切除HCC患者临床资料.TACE术中根据患者病情使用不同栓塞材料,术前及术后 1、6、12 个月行IVIM-DWI检查.根据IVIM-DWI序列设定的固定b值,分析不同栓塞材料下单指数模型表观弥散系数(ADC)值和双指数模型纯弥散系数(D值)、伪弥散系数(D*值)和灌注分数(f值).根据改良实体瘤疗效评价标准(mRECIST)及不同栓塞治疗材料将患者分为稳定组和进展组,对比分析ADC值、D值、D*及f值变化.采用多因素Cox回归分析年龄、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、甲胎蛋白(AFP)含量、肿瘤大小等 4 个临床参数和治疗前后ADC值、D值、D*值、f值共 8 个功能学定量指标参数,确定具有预后预测价值的IVIM参数.通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析IVIM参数对预测值的诊断价值和Cut-off值.结果 治疗后载药微球组ADC值显著高于碘化油组,载药微球组、碘化油组D*值显著低于PVA颗粒组,载药微球组f值显著低于碘化油组(均P＜0.01).稳定组中载药微球组疗效明显优于碘化油组和PVA颗粒组,进展组中碘化油组比载药微球组和PVA颗粒组更易出现疾病进展.稳定组治疗前f值显著高于进展组(P=0.005),治疗后ADC值显著高于进展组(P=0.029).ROC分析显示,载药微球组、碘化油组、PVA颗粒组分别中位随访 30、19、26 个月,总平均生存时间为 25个月,总生存时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).多因素Cox回归分析显示,治疗前D值(AUC 0.878)、D*值(AUC 0.554)及治疗后D值(AUC 0.791)、D*值(AUC 0.552)、f值(AUC 0.467)是TACE近期疗效的独立影响因素(均P＜0.05),治疗前后D值诊断效能更高,治疗前D值＜0.505×10-3 mm2/s、治疗后D值＜0.785×10-3 mm2/s时预测为疗效差.结论 治疗前后D值是预测不同栓塞材料TACE治疗HCC疗效的最佳参数.
Abstract
Objective To discuss the clinical application of intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion weighted imaging(IVIM-DWI)in evaluating the efficacy and prognosis of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)using different embolization materials for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The clinical data of a total of 84 patients with inoperable HCC,who received TACE treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University of China and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University of China between June 30,2019 and December 30,2022,were collected.According to the patient's condition,different embolization materials were used during TACE.IVIM-DWI check-up was performed before treatment as well as at one,6,12 months after treatment.Based on the fixed b-value set by IVIM-DWI sequence,the ADC value of the order index model for different embolization materials and the pure diffusion coefficient of double exponential model(D value),the pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*value)and perfusion fraction(f value)were analyzed.According to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(mRECIST)and the embolization material used,the patients were divided into the stable group and progression group,and the changes in the ADC value,D value,D*value and f value were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the four clinical parameters(including age,Child-Pugh grade,AFP level and tumor size)and the eight functional quantitative indexes(including preoperative and postoperative ADC value,D value,D* value and f value)so as to determine the IVIM parameters with prognostic predictive value.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was adopted to analyze the diagnostic value and cut-off value of IVIM parameters with predictive value.Results After treatment,the ADC value of drug-loaded microspheres group(n=36)was significantly higher than that of iodized oil group(n=27),the D*value of drug-loaded microspheres group and iodized oil group was remarkably lower than that of PVA particle group(n=21),and the f value of drug-loaded microspheres group was strikingly lower than that of iodized oil group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).In the stable group,the efficacy of drug loaded microspheres group was obviously better than that of the iodized oil group and the PVA particle group.In the progression group,the iodized oil group was more likely to develop disease progression than the drug-loaded microspheres group and the PVA particle group.The preoperative f value in the stable group was prominently higher than that in the progression group(P=0.005),and the postoperative ADC value in the stable group was obviously higher than that in the progression group(P=0.029).ROC analysis showed that the median follow-up time in the drug-loaded microspheres group,iodized oil group,and PVA particle group was 30,19,and 26 months respectively,the overall average survival time was 25 months,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the preoperative D value(AUC=0.878),D*value(AUC=0.554)and postoperative D value(AUC=0.791),D*value(AUC=0.552),f value(AUC=0.467)were the independent factors affecting the short-term efficacy of TACE(all P＜0.05).The preoperative and postoperative D value had higher diagnostic efficacy,while a preoperative D value of＜0.505×10-3 mm2/s and a postoperative D value of＜0.785×10-3 mm2/s predicted a poor prognosis.Conclusion The preoperative and postoperative D value is the optimal parameter for predicting the curative efficacy of TACE using different embolization materials for the treatment of HCC.
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