摘要
目的 探讨恶性胆道梗阻引流前后胆道微生态改变情况,从微生态角度研究胆道梗阻与引流干预对胆汁微生物群的影响.方法 2020年1月至2022年12月对32例恶性胆道梗阻患者行DSA导引下经皮穿刺置管引流术(PTCD),22G引流针进入胆道并经造影确认位于肝内胆管内后抽取15～20 mL胆汁,经导丝植入外或内外引流管,7 d后经引流管抽取胆汁.两次胆汁样本送检培养及基因测序.收集整理患者一般资料,包括是否发生急性胆管炎及其严重程度,是否使用过抗生素进行治疗等.结果 32例患者中胆管细胞癌15例,胰腺癌10例,肝细胞癌3例,肝门淋巴结转移瘤(胃肠道恶性肿瘤)4例.引流前胆汁微生物群中伯克霍尔德菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属相对丰度高,正常胆道内其他微生物种多样性和均匀度均降低.结论 正常胆道系统内存在稳定的微生物群,恶性梗阻胆道微生物群组成与之相似.引流后胆汁内肠属菌群丰度增加,原胆道微生物群落的物种丰度及多样性减少,可解释胆道引流后患者更容易发生胆道感染的临床现象.
Abstract
Objective To explore the biliary tract microbiota changes before and after drainage treatment in patients with malignant biliary obstruction(MBO),and to study the effects of biliary obstruction and drainage intervention on the bile microbiota from a microecological point of view.Methods From January 2020 to December 2022,DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage(PTCD)was carried out in 32 patients with MBO.A 22G drainage needle was inserted into the bile duct,and about 15-20mL of bile was extracted after it was confirmed that the needle was located within the intrahepatic bile duct,then,an external drainage tube,or an internal drainage tube together with an external drainage tube,was implanted into the bile duct along the guide wire.Seven days after PTCD,bile was extracted through a drainage tube.Bile sampling for germiculture and gene sequencing was conducted twice.The general data of patients,including whether acute cholangitis occurred and its severity,whether antibiotics was used for treatment,etc.,were collected.Results Of the 32 patients,cholangiocarcinoma was seen in 15,pancreatic cancer in 10,hepatocellular carcinoma in 3,and hilar lymph node metastasis from gastrointestinal malignant tumor in 4.Before PTCD,in the bile microbiota the burkholderia,acinetobacter,pseudomonas and staphylococcus were the bacteria with a high relative abundance,and the diversity and evenness of other microbial species seen in the normal biliary tract were reduced.Conclusion There is a stable microbiota within the normal biliary system,and in malignant obstructive biliary tract the microbiota has similar composition.After biliary drainage,the abundance of intestinal flora in bile is increased,and the species richness and diversity of the original biliary tract microbial community are decreased,which may explain the clinical phenomenon that patients are more prone to biliary tract infection after biliary drainage.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:516-522)
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