能源效率、经济增长与碳排放脱钩——基于日本的脱碳实践
The Relationship between Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth、Carbon EmissionsA case of decarbonization practices in Japan
谭福梅1
作者信息
摘要
日本高度依赖化石能源,两次石油危机冲击让日本深切感受到能源匮乏的生存压力,如何减少经济增长的能源消耗成为日本社会的紧迫课题.本文对日本经济增长与碳排放脱钩情况进行了测算,探究了脱钩背后的原因,发现能源效率改进在日本经济增长与碳排放脱钩中起到了很大作用,进而梳理和总结了日本能源效率改进的措施和经验,包括制定出台多项能源效率法律法规,强力推动电力等能耗"头部"行业减碳达标,多措并举促进城市、交通等重点领域绿色低碳融合,着力研发前沿、先进低碳核心技术,倡导全民精细化节能,为脱碳提供财税、金融强力保障等.结果表明,能耗改进措施具有明显成效,推动日本成为全球能源效率最高的国家之一,高效利用化石能源是日本经济增长与碳排放脱钩的重要原因.中国二氧化碳排放量约占世界的三分之一,煤炭占一次能源消费的比重超过日本两倍,节能减排压力大.本文研究弥补了现有文献对日本降碳过程、措施和经验总结不足的短板,有助于为中国能源效率改进提供良好借鉴.
Abstract
After the oil crisis in the 1970s,in order to alleviate the pressure of energy survival,the Japanese government raised energy efficiency to a strategic level and adopted comprehensive,multi strategy,high standard,and strong demand energy consumption improvement measures.The Japanese government formulate and introduce multiple energy efficiency laws and regulations,vigorously promote carbon reduction and compliance in top energy consuming industries such as electricity,and take multiple measures to promote green and low-carbon integration in key areas such as cities and transportation.Focus on researching and developing cutting-edge and advanced low-carbon core technologies,increase the development and utilization of green energy,advocate for refined energy conservation for the whole population,and create a green and low-carbon Japan label.The energy consumption improvement measures have achieved significant results,and Japan has become one of the countries with the highest energy efficiency in the world,with economic growth basically decoupling from carbon emissions.
关键词
日本/经济增长/碳排放脱钩/能源效率Key words
Japan/Economic Growth/Carbon Emissions Decoupling/Energy Efficiency引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据