首页|俄共(布)、共产国际与蒙古人民军的组建(1919-1921)

俄共(布)、共产国际与蒙古人民军的组建(1919-1921)

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十月革命后,蒙古革命者很快组织起来,并派遣代表团秘密前往苏俄寻求援助.苏俄方面对于蒙古代表团的援助请求,经历了从谨慎应对到积极援助的过程.1920 年 10 月恩琴白卫军进入外蒙古是苏俄态度转变的关键节点和重要原因.在苏俄的援助下,蒙古人民党游击队成立并不断发展壮大.1921 年 6 月苏俄红军以追剿恩琴白卫军残部为由进入外蒙古,扶植蒙古人民党掌握政权并着手创建蒙古人民军正规部队.共产国际驻远东全权代表舒米亚茨基为组建蒙古人民军设计的蓝本被蒙古临时人民政府全盘接受并贯彻实施,至1921 年9 月,蒙古人民军正式组建起来.蒙古人民军的创建不是单纯的军事问题,外蒙古局势变化及其所引起的苏俄对外蒙古政策联动是关键因素,而这一事件也折射出当时苏俄对华乃至整个远东地区的外交政策.
Russian Communist Party(Bolshevik),the Comintern and Founding of Mongolian People's Army(1919-1921)
Following the October Revolution,the revolutionaries in Mongolia soon organized themselves and secretly sent a delegation to the Soviet Russia to seek assistance.The latter did not at once grant all the requests for assistance,and had a change in attitude from cautious response to active assistance.The entry of the Ungern White Guards into Outer Mongolia in October 1920 was a turning point and an important reason for the attitude change of Soviet Russia.With the help of Soviet Russia,the guerrilla under the leadership of the Mongolian People's Party was born and began to grow.In June 1921,the So-viet Red Army entered Outer Mongolia on the pretext of pursuing the remnants of the Ungern White Guards,supported the Mongolian People's Party to take power and create the Mongolian People's Army.The blueprint for the establishment of the MPA,which was designed by Shumiatsky,plenipotentiary of the Comintern in the Far East,was fully accepted and imple-mented by the Mongolian Provisional People's Government.The MPA was formally founded in September 1921.The change of the situation in Outer Mongolia and the Soviet-Russian foreign policy with Mongolia were the key factors for the MPA to come into being.The establishment of the MPA was not merely military,and it also reflected the Soviet-Russian foreign policy to-wards China and the Far East at that time.

the Russian Communist Party(Bolshevik)the CominternShumyatskyMongolian People's Army

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华东师范大学社会主义历史与文献研究院,上海 200241

俄共(布) 共产国际 舒米亚茨基 蒙古人民军

国家社会科学基金重大项目(2021)

21&ZD031

2022

军事历史研究
中国人民解放军南京政治学院

军事历史研究

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.199
ISSN:1009-3451
年,卷(期):2022.36(3)
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