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长江中下游双季稻区春季低温冷害的时空分布

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水稻是一种喜温好湿作物,但时常受到低温冷害的影响.本研究以长江中下游双季稻区为研究区域,选用1961 ～2007年76个气象站逐日气象资料,探讨了该区域春季水稻低温冷害发生的时空分布特征.依据春季水稻低温冷害指标,将冷害强度分为3种等级(轻度、中度和重度),然后采用气候统计分析法,分析了各等级低温冷害的空间分布和年际变化规律,最后结合小波分析方法,获取了不同程度冷害发生情况的时间频率变化特征.结果显示:(1)研究区域以轻度冷害为主,平均每年0.74次/站,范围占全区的54.0％;(2)东北部冷害程度较西南重,冷害频次平均偏高1.1次/年;(3)春季水稻低温冷害具有年际和年代际波动特征,上世纪60年代发生低温冷室最多,本世纪初最少;冷害频次显著减少,并以中度冷害减少为主;此外,该区冷害还具有明显的年际和年代际周期振荡特征,其中3～5年尺度通过了α=0.05红噪声显著性检验.结果表明,长江中下游双季稻区春季水稻低温冷害具有明显的时空变化规律.
Spatial and temporal distribution of spring cold damage in double cropping rice areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Rice is a heat and water-loving crop,which always suffers from cold and chilling damages during its growth.In this study,daily meteorological data collected from 76 meteorological stations in the double cropping rice areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 1961 to 2007 were used and the spatial and temporal characteristics of spring cold damage in the area were analyzed.According to the spring cold damage standard,the intensity of cold damages was classified into three levels (mild,moderate and high).The method of climate statistical analysis was applied to analyze the spatial pattern and inter-annual variation of the spring cold damages in three levels during the early period of rice growth.Wavelet analysis was applied afterwards to analyze the temporal pattern of spring cold damage.The results showed that:①The study area was mainly suffered from mild cold damages at one year 0.74 times per station,and the suffered area accounted for 54.0％ of the whole area; ②The cold damages in the northeast part of the studied area was more serious than those in the southwest part by 1.1 times per year; ③The spring cold damage fluctuated inter-annually and inter-decadally,with the highest occurrence in the 1960s and the lowest at the beginning of the 21st century.The frequency of cold damage reduced significantly (P＜0.05),and the moderate cold damage dominated at the early period rice growth.The spring rice cold damage displayed a cyclical oscillation characteristics but only the small scale cycle of 3-5 years passed the red noise significant test with the significance level α =0.05.The above results indicated that the spring rice cold damage in the double cropping rice areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River presented distinct temporal and spatial variations.

agro-meteorological disasterseasonal characteristicwavelet analysisdynamics

陈斐、杨沈斌、申双和、张弥、赵艳霞

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南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京210044

南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044

中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

农业气象灾害 季节特征 小波分析 变化趋势

"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题公益性行业(气象)科研专项公益性行业(气象)科研专项国家自然科学基金2010江苏省青蓝工程项目江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)项目

2011BAD32B01GYHY201306035GYHY20130603640901238

2013

10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2013.03.015

江苏农业学报
江苏省农业科学院

江苏农业学报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子：1.093
ISSN：1000-4440
年,卷(期)：2013.29(3)
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