To comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of cotton germplasm resources,select excellent drought resist-ant varieties(lines),and establish drought resistant prediction model of yield in adult stage,drought treatment was carried out on 50 cotton germplasm resources at seedling stage,and their phenotypic traits and physiological indices were investigated.Drought resist-ance indices were screened according to the significance of trait differences,and the drought resistance coefficient and drought resist-ance index were calculated.The comprehensive drought resistance coefficient,comprehensive drought resistance index,comprehensive drought resistance membership function value,weighted drought resistance coefficient and comprehensive drought resistance measure-ment value were calculated by principal component analysis and membership function method,and the drought resistance of cotton was comprehensively evaluated and graded.The results of seedling evaluation and classification were further compared with the yield and fiber quality traits in adult stage under drought stress to analyze the accuracy of seedling drought re-sistance identification model in predicting adult plant stage.Physiological traits at seedling stage play important roles in im-proving the accuracy of drought resistance identification model.The drought resistance identification model based on physiologi-cal indices at seedling stage can predict the drought resistance at adult plant stage well.