Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on vegetable yield and soil quality in greenhouse vegetable fields
In order to explore the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers on vegetable yield and soil quality in facility vegetable fields,and to determine the optimal proportion of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers,this study relied on the long-term fertilization experiment of facility vegetables in Kunshan,and set up seven treatments:no fertilization control(CK),organ-ic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers at proportions of 0(T1),20%(T2),30%(T3),40%(T4),50%(T5)and 60%(T6).The effects of different fertilization treatments on plant height and yield of non-heading Chinese cabbage and celery,soil physical and chemical properties and economic benefits were studied.The results showed that the partial re-placement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and yield of non-heading Chinese cab-bage and celery(except T6 treatment).Compared with CK,the average yield per hectare of non-heading Chinese cabbage and celery in T3 treatment increased by 37.1%and 30.4%,respectively,and was significantly higher than that in other treatments.Compared with T1 treatment,the soil pH of T6 treatment increased significantly,while EC decreased signifi-cantly.In terms of soil nutrients,T3 treatment had the most obvious effect on the improvement of soil nutrients(organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus)in greenhouse vegetable fields.The results of principal component analysis showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of T3 treatment were significantly different from those of other treatments,and the electrical conductivity,organic matter content and total nitrogen content might be the key factors affecting the soil quali-ty of greenhouse vegetable field under the treatments of partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers.The results of variance decomposition analysis showed that soil pH and electrical conductivity explained 26.3%of the yield of non-heading Chinese cabbage.Soil pH and electrical conductivity were the main factors affecting the yield of non-heading Chinese cabbage under the treatments of partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers.The content of soil nutrients(organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus)was the main factor affecting the yield of celery,and its expla-nation for the change of celery yield under the treatments of partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers was 22.6%.The treatments of partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the net income of facility vegetables.The net income of non-heading Chinese cabbage and celery in T3 treatment was the high-est,which was 36.8%and 29.0%higher than that in CK,respectively.In summary,the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers was an agricultural measure that had the potential to alleviate soil acidification and secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields,improve soil fertility,and promote the yield and income of greenhouse vegeta-bles.The treatment of replacing 30%chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers had the best comprehensive effect on the improvement of facility vegetables yield and soil quality.It might be the best combination of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to ensure the high yield of facility vegetables in Kunshan area and effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertil-izers.
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