摘要
为明确适宜的牛粪秸秆堆肥替代化肥比例,本研究以富民 985 为供试材料,设置不施肥(CK)、100%全量化肥(CF)、10%堆肥替代化肥(CN)、20%堆肥替代化肥(CE)、30%堆肥替代化肥(CS)等 5 个处理,分析各处理下大喇叭口期、抽雄吐丝期、灌浆期玉米植株叶片光合速率、碳代谢关键酶活性及产量和产量构成的变化.结果表明,与CK相比,施用牛粪秸秆堆肥替代处理可以显著提升春玉米光合作用能力及碳代谢关键酶活性.在施用堆肥的条件下,随着堆肥替代比例的增加,各生育时期玉米叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)以及碳代谢关键酶(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶)活性均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,20%堆肥替代化肥(CE)处理下,光合作用参数和碳代谢关键酶活性均为最高.施用牛粪秸秆堆肥替代化肥处理可以显著提高春玉米的产量、穗粒数和千粒重,20%堆肥替代化肥(CE)处理和 10%堆肥替代化肥(CN)处理的籽粒产量分别比 100%全量化肥(CF)处理提高 9.41%、7.03%.本研究为畜禽粪便和作物秸秆资源化利用及耕地的用养结合提供良好的借鉴.
Abstract
In order to determine the appropriate proportion of cow manure and corn straw compost for replacing chemical fertilizers,Fumin 985 was used as the test material in this study,and five treatments were set up,including no fertilizer(CK),100%chemical fertilizers(CF),10%compost for replacing chemical fertilizers(CN),20%compost for replacing chemical fertilizers(CE),and 30%compost for replacing chemical fertilizers(CS).The changes of photosynthetic rate,key enzyme activities of carbon metab-olism at big trumpet stage,silking stage and filling stage,and yield and yield components of maize under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that com-pared with CK,the cow manure and corn straw compost replacement treatment could significantly improve the photosynthesis ability and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism of spring maize.Under the condition of applying compost,with the increase of the proportion of compost,the net photosyn-thetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci)and key enzymes(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphale carboxylase)activities of carbon metabolism of maize leaves in each growth period showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Under CE treatment,the photo-synthetic parameters and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism were the highest.The cow manure and corn straw com-post replacement treatment could significantly increase the yield,grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight of spring maize.The grain yield of spring maize in CE treatment and CN treatment was 9.41%and 7.03%higher than that in CF treatment,respectively.This study can provide a good reference for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure and crop straw and the combination of the use and maintenance of cultivated land.
基金项目
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230203179SF)
维普
万方数据