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论判断合宪性审查与合法性审查先后顺序的理论基础

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在合宪性审查与合法性审查之间优先适用合法性审查,是根据"穷尽法律救济原则"作出的判断,该原则为各国合宪性审查制度所普遍遵循.我国合宪性审查与合法性审查并行,都是现行宪法和立法法等法律规定下的立法监督制度.两者既相互联系又相互区别,具有衔接关系,不能相互取代.按照我国目前的制度设计,合宪性审查与合法性审查的主体存在同一性,审查对象高度重叠,审查程序也基本相同.全国人大常委会实行合宪性与合法性混合审查的工作机制,并未明确两者的先后适用顺序.鉴于此,从穷尽法律救济原则出发,对于可同时作合宪性审查与合法性审查的规范性文件,确立先穷尽合法性审查,再进行合宪性审查的审查次序,从而厘清合宪性审查与合法性审查之间的关系.
On Theoretical Basis for Determining the Hierarchical Order of Constitutional Review and Legality Review
The preferential application of legality review between constitutional review and legality review is a judgment based on the"doctrine of exhaustion of legal remedies",which is generally followed by the constitutional review systems in most countries.Constitutional review and legality review are parallel in China.Both of them are legislative supervision sys-tems stipulated by the current Constitution and legislative law.They are both interrelated and distinct from each other,have an articulated relationship,and cannot replace each other.According to China's current system design,the subjects of con-stitutional review and legality review are identical,with a high degree of overlap in review objects,and the review proce-dures are basically the same.The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress implements the working mechanism of mixed review of constitutionality and legality,without a clear order of application.In view of this,from the perspective of doctrine of exhaustion of legal remedies,for the normative documents that can be reviewed for constitutionality and legality at the same time,the hierarchical order of exhaustive legality review first and then constitutionality review is established to clarify the relationship between constitutional review and legality review.

constitutional reviewlegality reviewhierarchical order of reviewexhaustion of legal remedies

王锴、司楠楠

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北京航空航天大学法学院,北京 100191

合宪性审查 合法性审查 审查次序 穷尽法律救济

2024

江苏行政学院学报
江苏省行政学院

江苏行政学院学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.709
ISSN:1009-8860
年,卷(期):2024.(4)