近年来,极端天气事件发生频次不断增加,强度不断加大,其中,由暴雨引发的城市内涝导致交通应急事件发生概率进一步增大.为提升暴雨灾害下应急救援响应速度,本文开展应急车辆救援路径优化研究.以通行时间最短为目标,考虑路面积水对车辆通行速度的动态影响,构建应急车辆救援路径优化模型,提出动态最短路径优化算法求解模型.选取上海市长宁区东北部作为研究区域,根据SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)模拟得到的50年一遇暴雨条件下城市道路路面的积水情况,设定应急救援场景,求解应急救援路径.通过本文提出算法求解得到的路径与传统静态最短路径算法求解结果对比可知,通行用时同比减少了25.42%.同时,考虑应急物资储备情况分配应急救援任务,扩展了算法的应用场景,形成可靠和高效的应急响应方案,可为提升暴雨灾害下应急响应效率提供参考.
Optimization of Urban Emergency Vehicle Rescue Route Considering Dynamic Impact of Rainstorm Disasters
In recent years,the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events show an increasing trend,in which the urban inland flooding caused by heavy rains escalates the likelihood of traffic emergencies.To accelerate emergency rescue during the rainstorm disasters,this study focuses on the optimization of emergency vehicle rescue routes under such conditions.To minimize the passage time considering the dynamic impact of road water on vehicle passing speed,this paper develops an emergency rescue path optimization model.A dynamic shortest path optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the model.The northeast of Changning District of Shanghai is chosen as the study area.According to the water accumulation of the urban road surface under the condition of a rainstorm in 50 years simulated by the Storm Water Management Model(SWMM),the paper sets the emergency rescue scenario and solves the emergency rescue path.By comparing the path solved by the proposed algorithm with the traditional static shortest path algorithm,the traffic time is reduced by 25.42%.Furthermore,this paper also considers the emergency supplies reserve to allocate emergency rescue tasks,expands the application scenarios of the algorithm,and forms a reliable and efficient emergency response scheme,which provides a reference for improving the efficiency of emergency response under rainstorm disasters.
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