Optimizing Modular Bus Route Operation Considering Spatially Uneven Demand
Traditional fixed-capacity buses struggle to meet the varying demand distribution on bus routes.To tackle this challenge,modular buses are introduced,allowing for dynamic adjustments in platoon capacity through joining and detaching,thus better accommodating spatial demand variations.An optimization model is developed to describe the operational scheme of modular bus routes,based on the reconstruction of spatiotemporal graphs.The formulated model,a Mixed Integer-Nonlinear Program(MINLP)model,includes decision variables such as platoon schemes and modular bus unit schemes.To facilitate the model solution,time discretization is applied,which transforms the MINLP model into a Mixed Integer-Linear Program(MILP).A case study is performed using real bus routes and passenger demand data from Chengdu,China.Experimental results demonstrate that the use of modular buses reduces passenger costs by 11.44%and operating costs by 31.35%compared to traditional fixed-capacity buses,resulting in an overall decrease of 20.32%in total system costs.Sensitivity analysis experiments examine the effect of system supply and demand changes on system costs.
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