摘要
稠油各类开采技术中,物理降黏具有工艺简单、适应性好等优点,但存在生产成本高、稀油资源短缺等不足;化学降黏具有见效快、能耗低等优点,却存在处理工艺复杂等短板.油溶性降黏剂技术结合了物理降黏与化学降黏的优点,具有添加量少、效果好、成本低及后处理简单等诸多优势.该文介绍了稠油高黏度的原因;分析了油溶性降黏剂的降黏机理;总结了各类油溶性降黏剂的合成工艺;分析了不同类型降黏剂的优点与不足.相较于二元和三元油溶性降黏剂,四元油溶性降黏剂的多种极性基团能够更好地与稠油中的大分子相互作用并破坏胶质、沥青质的层状结构,进而大幅度降低稠油黏度;降黏剂的复合及复配使用可增强降黏效果.对油溶性降黏剂的发展趋势进行了展望,认为还需从分子层面进一步对降黏机理开展深入研究、从绿色环保的角度优化降黏剂合成工艺,以上问题的解决将有助于高效油溶性降黏剂分子的设计、制备与广泛应用.
Abstract
Among various heavy oil recovery technologies,physical viscosity reduction has the advantages of simple process and good adaptability,as well as the disadvantages of high production cost and shortage of thin crude oil resources,while chemical viscosity reduction has the advantages of fast effect and low energy consumption,but the disadvantages of complex treatment process.Oil-soluble viscosity reducer technology combines the advantages of both physical and chemical viscosity reduction methods,and has attracted key attention of experts in the industry in recent years due to its many advantages such as less addition,good effect,low cost and simple post-treatment.Herein,the reasons for the high viscosity of heavy crude oil was introduced,followed by analysis on the viscosity reduction mechanism of oil-soluble viscosity reducer.The synthesis process of various oil-soluble viscosity reducers was further summarized,with the advantages and disadvantages of different types of viscosity reducer reviewed.Compared with binary and ternary oil-soluble viscosity reducers,the various polar groups of quaternary oil-soluble viscosity reducer could act better with the macromolecules in heavy crude oil and destroy the layered structure of resin and asphaltene,leading to significant reduction of heavy oil viscosity.Meanwhile,the combination use of viscosity reducers could enhance the viscosity reduction effect.Finally,the development trend of oil-soluble viscosity reducer was prospected.It was believed that further in-depth study on the viscosity reduction mechanism at the molecular level and optimization on the synthesis process of viscosity reducer from the perspective of green environmental protection were necessary.The solution of the above problems would contribute to the design,preparation and wide application of high-efficiency oil-soluble viscosity reducer molecules.
基金项目
重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS22728)
重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022BSXM-JSX0021)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据