Research progress on flame retardants for polyurethane foaming materials
The commonly used halogenated flame retardants in polyurethane have the problem of releasing corrosive gases as well as toxic and harmful substances such as hydrogen halide during combustion,which poses a threat to human health.In recent years,halogen-free flame retardants,with the advantages of no halogen,low smoke and environmental protection,have gradually replaced halogen flame retardants for flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam.In this review,the latest research progress on additive flame retardants and reactive flame retardants was introduced,emphasis on the characteristics,flame retardancy mechanism as well as their flame retardancy effect on rigid polyurethane foam of additive inorganic flame retardants(such as metal hydroxides and oxides,inorganic phosphorus,inorganic silicon and their co-flame retardants,nanomaterials),additive organic flame retardants(such as organic nitrogen,organophosphorus,organosilicon and organosilicon and their co-flame retardants),expansive flame retardants(expandable graphite,nitrogen,phosphorus expansion flame retardants)and reactive flame retardants containing nitrogen,phosphorus and silicon.The common universal flame-retardant mechanisms of halogen-free flame retardants for polyurethane foam were then described.At last,the development hotspots of halogen-free flame retardants for polyurethane foam were discussed.
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