CO2 是主要的温室气体,也是廉价、无毒且可再生的碳一资源,将 CO2 转化为有价值的精细化学品,可有效减缓气候变化、助力实现碳中和.CO2 与环氧化物的环加成反应具有高原子经济性、高选择性、低污染等优点,其产物环状碳酸酯可作为锂离子电池电解质、聚合物材料前体以及精细化学品中间体,应用前景广阔.氧化物因具有结构多样、可调性强等优点,其作为催化剂应用于CO2与环氧化物环加成反应中引起了广泛的关注.该文综述了 2 种典型且成本低廉、易于规模化生产的氧化物——金属氧化物与分子筛催化CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应的研究进展,重点分析了反应机理以及催化剂的应用.提出了金属氧化物和分子筛在CO2环加成中存在的问题,指出今后的研究重点是高性能无助剂的非均相催化剂的开发以及催化机理的探究.
Research progress on metal oxides and zeolites in CO2 cycloaddition reactions
Conversion of CO2,a major greenhouse gas as well as a cheap,non-toxic and renewable C1 resource,into valuable fine chemicals can effectively mitigate climate change and facilitate carbon neutrality.Cyclic carbonates,obtained from the cycloaddition between CO2 and epoxides with the advantages of high atom economy,high selectivity and low pollution,can be used as electrolyte for lithium-ion battery,precursor of polymer materials and intermediate of fine chemicals.The oxides have been considered a promising catalyst for cycloaddition reaction because of their diverse structures and controllable acid-base properties.Herein,the research progress,especially the reaction mechanism and the application,on two typical,low-cost and easily large-scale oxides:metal oxides and zeolites,in catalyzing the CO2 cycloaddition reaction were reviewed.Meanwhile,the existing problems and the future research directions were discussed,and it was pointed out that the future work should be aimed at the development of true inhomogeneous catalysts without additives and exploration on reaction mechanism.
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