Reasons and modification strategies of low initial coulombic efficiency of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials
The many advantages of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials[xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiTMO2,0<x<1,TM=Mn,Co,Ni,etc.](LROs),such as high capacity,high working voltage,high safety and low cost,makes them one of the most promising cathode materials in next generation of new lithium ion battery materials.However,the low initial coulombic efficiency of LROs is a serious impediment to their commercialisation and the reasons for this low initial coulombic efficiency need to be investigated in depth.Based on the analysis results from the crystal structure and charging/discharging behavior of LROs,the specific mechanisms for the low first coulombic efficiency of LROs caused by the irreversible loss of oxygen,irreversible delithiation/lithiation,exchange of Li+and H+ions and so on were discussed comprehensively.The relevant modification strategies for improving low initial coulombic efficiency such as ion doping,surface engineering and single crystallization were then summarized.Finally,the research direction for improving the future commercialization of LROs was pointed out.
lithium ion batterieslithium-rich manganese-based cathode materialsinitial coulombic efficiencymodification strategy
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